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| Acanthaceae | Acanthus family | Includes ornamentals such as Acanthus, Thunbergia and Justicia. Mostly tropical herbs and shrubs; some species have traditional leaf uses, especially for poultices and wound care. PFAF currently lists 8 plants in this family. |
| Achariaceae | Acharia family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Actinidiaceae | Kiwifruit family | Best known for Actinidia, the kiwifruit genus. PFAF includes many hardy Actinidia species useful for edible fruits, climbers, wildlife value and cold-climate food forests. |
| Adoxaceae | Moschatel family | Includes elder, viburnum and related shrubs. Important for edible berries in some species, medicinal traditions, hedging, wildlife flowers and bird-attracting fruit. PFAF currently lists 41 plants in this family. |
| Aizoaceae | Ice-plant family | Includes ice plants, New Zealand spinach and many succulent groundcovers. Useful in dry gardens, coastal sites and some edible-leaf crops, but some species can be invasive. PFAF currently lists 15 plants in this family. |
| Alangiaceae | Alangium family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Alismataceae | Water-plantain family | Aquatic or marsh plants such as Alisma and Sagittaria. Useful around ponds and wetlands; several arrowheads have edible tubers after correct preparation. PFAF currently lists 16 plants in this family. |
| Alstroemeriaceae | Alstroemeria family | Includes Alstroemeria and Bomarea. Mostly known as ornamentals, with some tuberous species recorded as edible after suitable preparation. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Amaranthaceae | Amaranth family | Includes Amaranthus, quinoa relatives, saltbushes and many chenopods. Highly important for edible leaves, seeds, drought tolerance, saline soils and traditional food plants. PFAF currently lists 174 plants in this family. |
| Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllis / onion family | Includes Allium, Narcissus and Amaryllis relatives. PFAF value is especially high for edible Allium species, while many ornamental bulbs are poisonous. |
| Anacardiaceae | Cashew / sumac family | Includes cashew, mango, pistachio, sumac and mastic. Economically important for fruits, nuts, spices and resins, but some species contain irritating compounds. PFAF currently lists 47 plants in this family. |
| Annonaceae | Custard-apple family | Includes pawpaw, cherimoya, soursop and custard apples. Noted for edible tropical and subtropical fruits; some species also have fragrant or medicinal uses. PFAF currently lists 12 plants in this family. |
| Apiaceae | Carrot / parsley family | Includes carrot, celery, parsley, fennel, dill, angelica and many umbellifers. A valuable edible and medicinal family, but identification matters because it also includes very poisonous species. PFAF currently lists 260 plants in this family. |
| Apocynaceae | Dogbane family | Includes dogbanes, milkweeds, hoyas and periwinkles. Many have latex and medicinal chemistry; some support butterflies, while many are toxic if eaten. PFAF currently lists 86 plants in this family. |
| Aponogetonaceae | Aponogeton family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Aquifoliaceae | Holly family | Includes Ilex, the hollies. Useful for hedging, wildlife berries, ornamental evergreen foliage and beverages such as yerba mate. PFAF currently lists 22 plants in this family. |
| Araceae | Arum family | Includes arums, taro, duckweeds and many aroids. Taro and related plants are major foods, but many species contain irritating calcium oxalate crystals and need correct preparation. PFAF currently lists 47 plants in this family. |
| Araliaceae | Ivy / ginseng family | Includes ivy, ginseng, fatsia and aralias. Important for medicinal roots, edible shoots in some species, ornamental foliage, hedges and wildlife cover. PFAF currently lists 39 plants in this family. |
| Araucariaceae | Araucaria family | Includes Araucaria such as monkey puzzle and bunya pine. Several produce large edible seeds and are important evergreen landscape and heritage trees. PFAF currently lists 7 plants in this family. |
| Arecaceae | Palm family | Includes palms such as date, coconut and many ornamental genera. One of the great useful plant families, providing fruits, starch, fibres, thatch, oils and landscape structure. PFAF currently lists 72 plants in this family. |
| Aristolochiaceae | Birthwort family | Includes birthworts and wild gingers. Some have historical medicinal uses, but many contain toxic aristolochic acids, so caution is essential. PFAF currently lists 26 plants in this family. |
| Asparagaceae | Asparagus family | Includes asparagus, agaves, yuccas, hostas and many former lily-family groups. Useful for edible shoots, fibres, sweeteners, ornamentals and drought-tolerant planting. PFAF currently lists 97 plants in this family. |
| Asphodelaceae | Asphodel / aloe family | Includes aloes, asphodels and daylilies in broad treatments. Aloe is medicinal and ornamental; daylily flowers and shoots are edible in some species, while others need caution. PFAF currently lists 25 plants in this family. |
| Asteliaceae | Astelia family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Asteraceae | Daisy / sunflower family | The daisy family includes lettuce, artichoke, chicory, dandelion, sunflower, yarrow and many thistles. It is one of the richest PFAF families for edible, medicinal and wildlife plants. |
| Atherospermataceae | Southern sassafras family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Athyriaceae | Lady fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Aucubaceae | Aucuba family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Azollaceae | Mosquito fern family | Includes Azolla, the floating mosquito ferns. Valuable in water gardens, nitrogen-rich biomass systems and rice paddies because of its nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial association. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
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| Balsaminaceae | Balsam family | Includes Impatiens and balsams. Mostly ornamental and nectar-rich; some species have traditional medicinal or edible records, but the family is not a major food group. PFAF currently lists 13 plants in this family. |
| Basellaceae | Basella family | Includes Basella, especially Malabar spinach. Useful for heat-tolerant edible greens, ornamental climbers and tropical vegetable gardens. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Begoniaceae | Begonia family | Includes Begonia. Mostly ornamental, with sour-tasting edible leaves or flowers in some species, often due to oxalic acid content. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Berberidaceae | Barberry family | Includes barberries, Oregon grapes and mayapples. Useful for acidic fruits, medicinal alkaloids, dyes, wildlife hedges and woodland groundcovers. PFAF currently lists 80 plants in this family. |
| Betulaceae | Birch family | Includes birch, alder, hazel and hornbeam. Useful for nuts, sap, timber, coppice, shelter and nitrogen-fixing alders. PFAF currently lists 58 plants in this family. |
| Bignoniaceae | Trumpet-vine family | Includes trumpet vines, catalpas and jacarandas. Mostly ornamental or timber plants; some provide edible or medicinal parts and excellent pollinator flowers. PFAF currently lists 15 plants in this family. |
| Bixaceae | Annatto family | Best known for Bixa orellana, annatto. Useful as a natural red-orange dye and food colouring, with some traditional medicinal uses. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Blechnaceae | Hard fern family | A fern family including Blechnum and relatives. Useful mainly as ornamentals and woodland or wet-site plants; some ferns have edible fiddleheads but identification is important. PFAF currently lists 4 plants in this family. |
| Boraginaceae | Borage family | Includes borage, comfrey, forget-me-nots and many rough-leaved herbs. Useful for bee forage, dynamic accumulation and medicinal traditions, but some contain liver-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PFAF currently lists 56 plants in this family. |
| Brassicaceae | Cabbage / mustard family | Includes cabbage, mustard, radish, rocket, cress and many wild edible greens. A major food family with pungent glucosinolates, cover crops and medicinal mustard poultice traditions. PFAF currently lists 235 plants in this family. |
| Bromeliaceae | Bromeliad family | Includes pineapple, Spanish moss and many epiphytic ornamentals. Useful for edible fruit, fibre, water-holding rosettes and tropical ornamental planting. PFAF currently lists 7 plants in this family. |
| Buddleiaceae | Butterfly-bush family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Burseraceae | Frankincense family | Includes frankincense, myrrh and related resin trees. Important for aromatic resins, incense, traditional medicine and some edible fruits. PFAF currently lists 10 plants in this family. |
| Butomaceae | Flowering-rush family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Buxaceae | Box family | Includes boxwood and Sarcococca. Useful mostly for hedging and ornamentals; many species are poisonous and not food plants. PFAF currently lists 7 plants in this family. |
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| Cabombaceae | Fanwort family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cactaceae | Cactus family | Includes prickly pears, hedgehog cacti and many columnar cacti. Important for edible fruits, pads, drought tolerance, wildlife habitat and dryland food systems. PFAF currently lists 53 plants in this family. |
| Callitrichaceae | Water-starwort family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Calochortaceae | Mariposa lily family | PFAF lists 12 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Calycanthaceae | Sweetshrub family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Calyceraceae | Calycera family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Campanulaceae | Bellflower family | Includes bellflowers, rampions and lobelias. Some species have edible roots or leaves, while others are ornamentals or medicinal plants. PFAF currently lists 64 plants in this family. |
| Canellaceae | Canella family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cannabaceae | Hemp / hackberry family | Includes hemp, hops, hackberries and Celtis. Useful for fibre, seed, oils, brewing, edible fruits, wildlife value and tough trees for difficult sites. PFAF currently lists 6 plants in this family. |
| Cannaceae | Canna family | Includes Canna. Useful for ornamental flowers, edible starch from rhizomes in some species, and wet or tropical garden plantings. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Capparaceae | Caper family | Includes capers and related shrubs. Known for edible flower buds, fruits and pungent condiments, often from dry or Mediterranean climates. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Capparidaceae | Caper family (older name) | Older name often used for caper-family plants. Consider standardising to Capparaceae or reviewing affected species for current placement. PFAF currently lists 7 plants in this family. |
| Caprifoliaceae | Honeysuckle family | Includes honeysuckles, elder relatives, teasels and valerian in broad systems. Useful for edible berries in select species, medicinal roots, ornamentals and wildlife plants. PFAF currently lists 55 plants in this family. |
| Caricaceae | Papaya family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Caryocaraceae | Souari nut family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Caryophyllaceae | Pink / carnation family | Includes carnations, chickweeds, campions and soapworts. Several chickweeds are edible greens; soapworts contain saponins used historically for washing. PFAF currently lists 60 plants in this family. |
| Casuarinaceae | She-oak family | Includes Casuarina and Allocasuarina. Useful for windbreaks, nitrogen-fixing associations, firewood, erosion control and coastal shelter. PFAF currently lists 9 plants in this family. |
| Celastraceae | Bittersweet family | Includes bittersweet, spindle trees and related shrubs. Useful for ornament, dyes and some medicinal traditions; many fruits are not edible. PFAF currently lists 30 plants in this family. |
| Cephalotaxaceae | Plum-yew family | PFAF lists 15 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Ceratophyllaceae | Hornwort family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | Katsura family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Chloranthaceae | Chloranthus family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Chrysobalanaceae | Coco-plum family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cistaceae | Rock-rose family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cleomaceae | Spider-flower family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Clethraceae | Clethra family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Clusiaceae | St John’s-wort / mangosteen family | PFAF lists 14 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cneoraceae | Cneorum family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Colchicaceae | Colchicum family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Combretaceae | Combretum family | PFAF lists 12 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Commelinaceae | Spiderwort family | PFAF lists 9 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Compositae | Daisy family (older name) | PFAF lists 14 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Convallariaceae | Lily-of-the-valley family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 37 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Convolvulaceae | Morning-glory family | Includes morning glories, sweet potato and dodders. Important for edible tubers in Ipomoea batatas, ornamental climbers and parasitic Cuscuta species. PFAF currently lists 29 plants in this family. |
| Coriariaceae | Coriaria family | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cornaceae | Dogwood family | Includes dogwoods and cornels. Useful for edible fruits in Cornus species, ornamental bracts, wildlife berries, hedging and durable wood. PFAF currently lists 42 plants in this family. |
| Corynocarpaceae | Karaka family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Costaceae | Spiral ginger family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Crassulaceae | Stonecrop family | Includes stonecrops, houseleeks and many succulents. Useful for drought-tolerant groundcover, green roofs, ornamentals and some edible or medicinal leaves. PFAF currently lists 38 plants in this family. |
| Cucurbitaceae | Gourd / cucumber family | Includes pumpkins, cucumbers, melons, gourds and luffas. A major edible family also used for utensils, sponges, oils and traditional medicines. PFAF currently lists 48 plants in this family. |
| Cunoniaceae | Cunonia family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cupressaceae | Cypress family | Includes cypresses, junipers, redwoods and many former Taxodiaceae. Useful for timber, shelterbelts, essential oils, berries in juniper, and evergreen structure. PFAF currently lists 54 plants in this family. |
| Cyatheaceae | Tree fern family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cycadaceae | Cycad family | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cyclanthaceae | Panama-hat plant family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cyperaceae | Sedge family | Includes sedges, papyrus and some edible nut sedges. Useful in wetlands, weaving, thatching, soil stabilisation and edible tubers in Cyperus species. PFAF currently lists 76 plants in this family. |
| Cyrillaceae | Titi family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Cystopteridaceae | Bladder fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Daphniphyllaceae | Daphniphyllum family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Datiscaceae | Datisca family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Dennstaedtiaceae | Bracken family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Diapensiaceae | Diapensia family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Dicksoniaceae | Tree fern family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Dioscoreaceae | Yam family | Includes yams. Important for edible tubers in many tropical species, but correct identification and preparation are vital because some are toxic raw. PFAF currently lists 12 plants in this family. |
| Dipsacaceae | Teasel family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarp family | PFAF lists 15 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Droseraceae | Sundew family | Includes sundews and Venus flytrap relatives. Mostly carnivorous plants valued for conservation interest, bog gardens and historical medicinal uses. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Dryopteridaceae | Wood fern family | PFAF lists 28 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Ebenaceae | Ebony / persimmon family | Includes persimmons and ebony. Important for edible fruit in Diospyros, dense timber, wildlife food and ornamental trees. PFAF currently lists 15 plants in this family. |
| Ehretiaceae | Ehretia family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Elaeagnaceae | Oleaster family | Includes Elaeagnus, sea buckthorn and buffaloberry. Important for nitrogen-fixing shrubs, edible fruits, windbreaks, poor soils and wildlife planting. PFAF currently lists 34 plants in this family. |
| Elaeocarpaceae | Elaeocarpus family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Empetraceae | Crowberry family | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Epacridaceae | Epacris family | PFAF lists 35 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Ephedraceae | Ephedra family | Includes Ephedra. Dryland shrubs with traditional medicinal and beverage uses; alkaloid content means legal and safety caution may apply. PFAF currently lists 18 plants in this family. |
| Equisetaceae | Horsetail family | Includes horsetails. Ancient spore-bearing plants used for abrasive silica-rich stems and traditional medicine; some species can be problematic weeds. PFAF currently lists 10 plants in this family. |
| Ericaceae | Heath family | Includes blueberries, cranberries, heathers, rhododendrons and wintergreens. Important for acidic-soil fruits, ornamentals, medicinal teas and heathland ecology. PFAF currently lists 161 plants in this family. |
| Eriocaulaceae | Pipewort family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Erythroxylaceae | Coca family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Escalloniaceae | Escallonia family | PFAF lists 8 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Eucommiaceae | Hardy rubber tree family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Eucryphiaceae | Eucryphia family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Euphorbiaceae | Spurge family | Includes spurges, cassava, rubber tree and castor bean. Highly useful for starch, oils, latex and ornamentals, but many species are toxic or irritating. PFAF currently lists 64 plants in this family. |
| Eupomatiaceae | Eupomatia family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Eupteleaceae | Euptelea family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Fabaceae | Pea / legume family | Includes peas, beans, clovers, acacias, lupins and many trees. One of the most useful families for edible seeds, forage, nitrogen fixation, timber and soil improvement. PFAF currently lists 612 plants in this family. |
| Fagaceae | Beech / oak family | Includes oaks, beeches and chestnuts. Important for edible nuts, tannins, timber, wildlife habitat, coppice and long-lived food forest structure. PFAF currently lists 124 plants in this family. |
| Flacourtiaceae | Flacourtia family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Fouquieriaceae | Ocotillo family | Includes ocotillo. Dryland shrubs valued for pollinator flowers, desert landscapes, living fences and traditional uses. PFAF currently lists 1 plant in this family. |
| Fumariaceae | Fumitory family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Funkiaceae | Hosta family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 16 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Garryaceae | Silktassel family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Gentianaceae | Gentian family | Includes gentians and centauries. Known for bitter medicinal tonics, ornamentals and some wetland or alpine plants. PFAF currently lists 42 plants in this family. |
| Geraniaceae | Geranium family | Includes geraniums, pelargoniums and erodiums. Useful for ornament, scented leaves, edible flowers in some Pelargonium cultivars, and medicinal astringents. PFAF currently lists 51 plants in this family. |
| Gesneriaceae | African violet family | Includes African violet and many tropical ornamentals. Mostly ornamental, with some edible or medicinal records in tropical genera. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo family | Includes the single living species Ginkgo biloba. Useful as a resilient urban tree, medicinal leaf source and edible seeds after careful preparation. PFAF currently lists 1 plant in this family. |
| Gleicheniaceae | Forking fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Globulariaceae | Globularia family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Gnetaceae | Gnetum family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Goodeniaceae | Goodenia family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Grossulariaceae | Currant / gooseberry family | Includes Ribes: currants and gooseberries. Very important in PFAF for edible fruits, wildlife value, hedging and cool-climate food forests. |
| Gunneraceae | Gunnera family | Includes Gunnera. Large architectural wetland plants; some species have edible stalks or traditional uses, while others are invasive in mild climates. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
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| Haemodoraceae | Bloodwort family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Haloragaceae | Water-milfoil family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Haloragidaceae | Water-milfoil family (older spelling) | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Hamamelidaceae | Witch-hazel family | Includes witch hazel, sweetgum and related trees. Useful for medicinal witch-hazel extracts, ornamentals, autumn colour and timber in some genera. PFAF currently lists 7 plants in this family. |
| Hemerocallidaceae | Daylily family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 25 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Hippuridaceae | Mare’s-tail family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangea family | Includes hydrangeas, mock oranges and related shrubs. Mostly ornamental, with some medicinal records and wildlife value. PFAF currently lists 22 plants in this family. |
| Hydrocharitaceae | Tape-grass family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Hydrophyllaceae | Waterleaf family | PFAF lists 12 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Hypericaceae | St John’s-wort family | Includes St John’s worts. Important medicinally, especially Hypericum perforatum, and valuable for yellow flowers, groundcover and wildlife. PFAF currently lists 14 plants in this family. |
| Hypoxidaceae | Star-grass family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Icacinaceae | Icacina family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Illiciaceae | Star-anise family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Iridaceae | Iris family | Includes iris, crocus, saffron and gladiolus. Useful for ornamentals, dyes and saffron spice; many species are not edible and some are toxic. PFAF currently lists 45 plants in this family. |
| Irvingiaceae | Wild mango family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Juglandaceae | Walnut family | Includes walnuts, hickories and pecans. Important for edible nuts, timber, dye, wildlife food and large productive trees. PFAF currently lists 40 plants in this family. |
| Juncaceae | Rush family | Includes rushes. Useful for wetland planting, weaving, thatching, habitat and soil stabilisation rather than food. PFAF currently lists 10 plants in this family. |
| Juncaginaceae | Arrowgrass family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Lamiaceae | Mint family | Includes mint, sage, thyme, rosemary, oregano and many aromatic herbs. A major family for edible leaves, essential oils, medicinal teas and pollinator plants. PFAF currently lists 257 plants in this family. |
| Lardizabalaceae | Lardizabala family | PFAF lists 12 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Lauraceae | Laurel family | Includes bay, avocado, cinnamon and sassafras relatives. Important for fruits, spices, aromatic leaves, timber and evergreen forest plants. PFAF currently lists 37 plants in this family. |
| Lecythidaceae | Brazil-nut family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Leguminosae | Legume family (older name) | Older alternative name for Fabaceae. It is familiar in older literature, but PFAF may prefer Fabaceae as the standard family name. |
| Leitneriaceae | Corkwood family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Lentibulariaceae | Bladderwort family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Liliaceae | Lily family | Includes true lilies and tulips in the strict sense. Some bulbs are edible in specific species, but many ornamentals are toxic or require caution. PFAF currently lists 96 plants in this family. |
| Limnanthaceae | Meadowfoam family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Linaceae | Flax family | Includes flax. Useful for linseed, fibre, oil, wildflowers and medicinal mucilage in some species. PFAF currently lists 10 plants in this family. |
| Loasaceae | Blazing-star family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Loganiaceae | Logania family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Lomandraceae | Lomandra family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Loranthaceae | Showy mistletoe family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Lycopodiaceae | Clubmoss family | PFAF lists 8 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Lythraceae | Loosestrife family | Includes pomegranate relatives, loosestrifes and henna in broad usage. Useful for dyes, medicinal plants, ornamentals and wetland species. PFAF currently lists 10 plants in this family. |
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| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia family | Includes magnolias and tulip trees. Useful for ornamental trees, fragrant flowers, timber and traditional medicinal bark in some species. PFAF currently lists 14 plants in this family. |
| Malpighiaceae | Barbados cherry family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Malvaceae | Mallow family | Includes mallows, hibiscus, okra, cacao, cotton, limes and many former Sterculiaceae/Tiliaceae. Important for edible leaves, fibres, drinks, mucilage and ornamentals. PFAF currently lists 111 plants in this family. |
| Marantaceae | Arrowroot family | Includes arrowroot and prayer plants. Useful for edible starch, ornamentals and tropical understory planting. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Marrattiaceae | Marattia fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Marsileaceae | Water-clover family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Martyniaceae | Devil’s-claw family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Melanthiaceae | Bunchflower family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Melastomataceae | Melastome family | A large tropical family with melastomes and medinillas. Mostly ornamental or ecological, with some edible berries and medicinal uses. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Meliaceae | Mahogany family | Includes mahogany, neem and chinaberry relatives. Useful for timber, insecticidal compounds, oils and shade trees; some fruits are toxic. PFAF currently lists 27 plants in this family. |
| Melianthaceae | Honey-flower family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Menispermaceae | Moonseed family | Includes moonseeds and several medicinal climbers. Pharmacologically important but many species are toxic, so food use is limited. PFAF currently lists 9 plants in this family. |
| Menyanthaceae | Bogbean family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Misodendraceae | Mistletoe family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Molluginaceae | Carpetweed family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Monimiaceae | Boldoa family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Montiaceae | Miner’s lettuce family | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Moraceae | Mulberry / fig family | Includes figs, mulberries, breadfruit and osage orange. Very important for edible fruits, latex, fodder, timber and wildlife food. PFAF currently lists 44 plants in this family. |
| Morinaceae | Morina family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Moringaceae | Moringa family | Includes Moringa. Highly useful for edible leaves, pods, seeds, oil, water-clarifying seed proteins and dryland nutrition. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Muntingiaceae | Jamaica cherry family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Musaceae | Banana family | Includes bananas and plantains. Major food plants in warm climates, also useful for fibre, leaves, shade and biomass. PFAF currently lists 6 plants in this family. |
| Myoporaceae | Myoporum family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Myricaceae | Bayberry family | Includes bayberries and sweet gale. Useful for aromatic leaves, waxy berries, nitrogen-fixing shrubs, wetland planting and wildlife. PFAF currently lists 11 plants in this family. |
| Myristicaceae | Nutmeg family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Myrsinaceae | Myrsine family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Myrtaceae | Myrtle / eucalyptus family | Includes eucalyptus, myrtle, guava, feijoa and cloves. Important for edible fruits, spices, essential oils, timber, shelter and bee forage. PFAF currently lists 88 plants in this family. |
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| Najadaceae | Naiad family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Nelumbonaceae | Lotus family | Includes sacred lotus. Useful for edible rhizomes, seeds and leaves, as well as ornamental ponds and cultural value. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Nyctaginaceae | Four-o’clock family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Nymphaeaceae | Water-lily family | Includes water lilies. Important aquatic ornamentals; some species have edible seeds, tubers or rhizomes after preparation. PFAF currently lists 11 plants in this family. |
| Nyssaceae | Tupelo family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Ochnaceae | Ochna family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Oenotheraceae | Evening-primrose family (older name) | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Olacaceae | Olax family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Oleaceae | Olive family | Includes olives, ashes, lilacs, jasmines and privets. Useful for olives and oil, timber, ornamentals, hedges and fragrance. PFAF currently lists 48 plants in this family. |
| Onagraceae | Evening-primrose family | Includes evening primroses, willowherbs and fuchsias. Useful for edible shoots in some species, evening primrose oil, ornamentals and pollinator flowers. PFAF currently lists 38 plants in this family. |
| Onocleaceae | Sensitive fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Ophioglossaceae | Adder’s-tongue fern family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Orchidaceae | Orchid family | The orchid family is huge and mostly ornamental. Vanilla is the best-known food crop; some terrestrial orchids have traditional tuber uses but conservation issues are important. PFAF currently lists 51 plants in this family. |
| Orobanchaceae | Broomrape family | Includes broomrapes and many parasitic plants, plus some former figwort relatives. Useful mainly botanically or medicinally; some are crop parasites. PFAF currently lists 16 plants in this family. |
| Osmundaceae | Royal fern family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Oxalidaceae | Wood-sorrel family | Includes wood sorrels and starfruits. Useful for edible sour leaves or fruits in some species, but oxalic acid means moderation is important. PFAF currently lists 24 plants in this family. |
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| Paeoniaceae | Peony family | PFAF lists 17 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Pandanaceae | Screwpine family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Papaveraceae | Poppy family | Includes poppies, celandines and fumitory relatives in broad usage. Useful for seeds, ornamentals and medicinal alkaloids, but many species are toxic or regulated. PFAF currently lists 37 plants in this family. |
| Parmeliaceae | Parmelia lichen family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Parnassiaceae | Grass-of-Parnassus family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Passifloraceae | Passionflower family | Includes passionflowers. Useful for edible passionfruit, medicinal calming herbs, ornamentals, climbers and butterfly host plants. PFAF currently lists 19 plants in this family. |
| Pedaliaceae | Sesame family | Includes sesame and devil’s-claw relatives. Sesame is an important oilseed; some genera provide edible seeds or medicinal fruits. PFAF currently lists 1 plant in this family. |
| Pentadiplandraceae | Pentadiplandra family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Philesiaceae | Philesia family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Phormiaceae | New Zealand flax family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Phrymaceae | Lopseed family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthus family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Phytolaccaceae | Pokeweed family | Includes pokeweed. Some species have carefully prepared edible shoots, dyes and medicinal traditions, but toxicity is a major caution. PFAF currently lists 6 plants in this family. |
| Pinaceae | Pine family | Includes pines, firs, spruces, cedars and larches. Important for nuts, resin, timber, shelter, edible inner bark traditions and aromatic needles. PFAF currently lists 129 plants in this family. |
| Piperaceae | Pepper family | Includes black pepper and kava relatives. Important for spices, medicinal chemistry, tropical vegetables and aromatic leaves. PFAF currently lists 3 plants in this family. |
| Pistaciaceae | Pistacia family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Pittosporaceae | Pittosporum family | PFAF lists 14 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Plantaginaceae | Plantain / speedwell family | Includes plantains, speedwells, foxgloves and many former figworts. Useful for medicinal Plantago, ornamentals and some edible greens. PFAF currently lists 25 plants in this family. |
| Platanaceae | Plane-tree family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Plumbaginaceae | Leadwort family | Includes sea lavenders and leadworts. Useful for coastal ornamentals, salt tolerance and some medicinal or dye uses. PFAF currently lists 9 plants in this family. |
| Poaceae | Grass family | The grass family includes cereals, bamboo, sugarcane and many forage plants. It is one of the most important plant families for food, fibre, shelter and soil cover. PFAF currently lists 344 plants in this family. |
| Podocarpaceae | Podocarp family | Includes podocarps and southern conifers. Useful for edible arils in some species, timber, shelter and evergreen structure. PFAF currently lists 23 plants in this family. |
| Podophyllaceae | Mayapple family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Polemoniaceae | Phlox family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Polygalaceae | Milkwort family | PFAF lists 9 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Polygonaceae | Knotweed / buckwheat family | Includes buckwheat, sorrels, docks and knotweeds. Useful for edible leaves, grains, rhubarb-like stems, medicinal roots and wildlife value. PFAF currently lists 135 plants in this family. |
| Polypodiaceae | Polypody fern family | PFAF lists 20 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Polytaenia | Not a family name | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Polytrichaceae | Haircap moss family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Pontederiaceae | Pickerelweed family | Includes pickerelweed and water hyacinth relatives. Useful for pond ornamentals, edible seeds or leaves in some species, and wetland habitat. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Portulacaceae | Purslane family | Includes purslane and related succulents. Purslane is a notable edible leaf rich in mucilage and used in dry, sunny gardens. PFAF currently lists 24 plants in this family. |
| Potamogetonaceae | Pondweed family | Includes pondweeds. Important aquatic plants for wildlife, water bodies and some edible seeds or tubers in traditional uses. PFAF currently lists 9 plants in this family. |
| Primulaceae | Primrose family | Includes primroses, cyclamen and pimpernels in broad systems. Useful for early flowers, ornamentals, medicinal traditions and woodland groundcover. PFAF currently lists 39 plants in this family. |
| Proteaceae | Protea family | Includes macadamia, banksias, grevilleas and proteas. Useful for edible nuts, nectar, ornamentals, wildlife plants and dry-climate gardens. PFAF currently lists 33 plants in this family. |
| Pteridaceae | Brake fern family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Punicaceae | Pomegranate family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Pyrolaceae | Wintergreen family | PFAF lists 10 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Quillajaceae | Soapbark family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Rafflesiaceae | Rafflesia family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Ranunculaceae | Buttercup family | Includes buttercups, clematis, monkshood and columbines. Rich in ornamentals and medicinal chemistry, but many species are toxic. PFAF currently lists 168 plants in this family. |
| Resedaceae | Mignonette family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Restoniaceae | Restionaceae / restio family? | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Rhamnaceae | Buckthorn family | Includes buckthorns, jujubes and ceanothus. Useful for edible fruits in Ziziphus, nitrogen-fixing Ceanothus, dyes, hedging and wildlife. PFAF currently lists 52 plants in this family. |
| Rosaceae | Rose family | Includes apples, pears, plums, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and roses. One of the most important edible fruit families in PFAF and temperate gardens. |
| Rubiaceae | Coffee / bedstraw family | Includes coffee, madder, bedstraw and quinine relatives. Useful for beverages, dyes, medicines, ornamentals and some edible fruits. PFAF currently lists 77 plants in this family. |
| Rutaceae | Citrus family | Includes citrus, rue, zanthoxylum and many aromatic shrubs. Important for edible fruits, spices, essential oils, hedging and medicinal traditions. PFAF currently lists 68 plants in this family. |
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| Salicaceae | Willow family | Includes willows, poplars and some former flacourts. Useful for basketry, coppice, biomass, medicine, bee forage, erosion control and timber. PFAF currently lists 89 plants in this family. |
| Santalaceae | Sandalwood family | Includes sandalwoods, mistletoes and related hemiparasites. Useful for fragrant timber, oils, wildlife fruit and specialist ecological relationships. PFAF currently lists 32 plants in this family. |
| Sapindaceae | Soapberry / maple family | Includes maples, horse chestnuts, lychee, longan and soapberries. Useful for sap, edible fruits, saponin-rich fruits, ornamentals and timber. PFAF currently lists 60 plants in this family. |
| Sapotaceae | Sapodilla family | Includes sapodilla, mamey and shea relatives. Useful for edible fruits, latex, oils, timber and tropical agroforestry. PFAF currently lists 26 plants in this family. |
| Sargentodoxaceae | Sargentodoxa family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Sarraceniaceae | Pitcher-plant family | Includes North American pitcher plants. Carnivorous bog plants with high conservation and ornamental value rather than food use. PFAF currently lists 2 plants in this family. |
| Saururaceae | Lizard’s-tail family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Saxifragaceae | Saxifrage family | Includes saxifrages, heucheras and relatives. Mostly ornamental rock-garden or woodland plants, with some medicinal or edible records. PFAF currently lists 37 plants in this family. |
| Schisandraceae | Star-anise / schisandra family | Includes Schisandra and star-anise relatives. Useful for medicinal berries, spices and aromatic or woodland climbers. PFAF currently lists 11 plants in this family. |
| Sciadoptyaceae | Umbrella-pine family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Scrophulariaceae | Figwort family | Includes figworts and mulleins in modern narrower use. Useful for medicinal herbs, bee plants and ornamentals; many former members are now Plantaginaceae or Orobanchaceae. PFAF currently lists 89 plants in this family. |
| Selaginellaceae | Spikemoss family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Simaroubaceae | Quassia family | PFAF lists 7 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Simmondsiaceae | Jojoba family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Smilacaceae | Greenbrier family | PFAF lists 24 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Solanaceae | Nightshade family | Includes potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, nightshades and tobacco. A major food family, but green parts and many wild relatives can be poisonous. PFAF currently lists 125 plants in this family. |
| Sparganiaceae | Bur-reed family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Sphagnaceae | Peat moss family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Staphyleaceae | Bladdernut family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Sterculiaceae | Cacao / kola family (older grouping) | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Styracaceae | Storax family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Symplocaceae | Sweetleaf family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Taccaceae | Bat-flower family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Talinaceae | Fameflower family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Tamaricaceae | Tamarisk family | Includes tamarisks. Useful for salt-tolerant shelter and erosion control in some sites, but several species are invasive in dryland waterways. PFAF currently lists 14 plants in this family. |
| Taxaceae | Yew family | Includes yews. Important ornamentals and medicinal-source plants; most parts are highly poisonous except the fleshy aril of some species. PFAF currently lists 5 plants in this family. |
| Tecophilaeaceae | Tecophilaea family | PFAF lists 5 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Theaceae | Tea family | Includes tea, camellias and related trees. Useful for tea leaves, oil, ornamentals, evergreen hedges and acidic-soil gardens. PFAF currently lists 20 plants in this family. |
| Thelypteridaceae | Marsh fern family | PFAF lists 2 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Thymelaeaceae | Mezereum family | Includes daphnes and paperbarks. Useful for fragrance, fibre and ornamentals, but many species are toxic. PFAF currently lists 28 plants in this family. |
| Trapaceae | Water-chestnut family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Tricyrtidaceae | Toad-lily family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Trilliaceae | Trillium family | PFAF lists 13 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Tropaeolaceae | Nasturtium family | PFAF lists 8 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Turneraceae | Turnera family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Typhaceae | Cattail family | Includes cattails and bur-reeds in broad classifications. Very useful wetland plants with edible shoots, pollen and rhizomes, plus thatching and habitat value. PFAF currently lists 11 plants in this family. |
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| Ulmaceae | Elm family | Includes elms and zelkovas. Useful for timber, shade, edible young fruits in some elms, shelter and urban planting. PFAF currently lists 35 plants in this family. |
| Urticaceae | Nettle family | Includes nettles, ramie and pellitory. Useful for edible greens, fibres, medicines, compost activators and wildlife larvae. PFAF currently lists 47 plants in this family. |
| Uvulariaceae | Bellwort family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Valerianaceae | Valerian family | Older family name for valerian relatives now often placed in Caprifoliaceae. Valerian is best known for medicinal roots and pollinator flowers. PFAF currently lists 28 plants in this family. |
| Verbenaceae | Verbena family | Includes verbenas, lantanas and lemon verbena relatives in older usage. Useful for ornamentals, aromatic leaves and pollinator plants; some genera have moved to Lamiaceae. PFAF currently lists 24 plants in this family. |
| Violaceae | Violet family | Includes violets and pansies. Useful for edible flowers and leaves in some species, ornamentals, medicinal traditions and woodland groundcover. PFAF currently lists 42 plants in this family. |
| Vitaceae | Grape family | Includes grapes, Virginia creepers and related climbers. Important for edible fruits, wine, leaves, wildlife value and vigorous climbers. PFAF currently lists 43 plants in this family. |
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| Winteraceae | Winter’s-bark family | PFAF lists 4 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Xanthorrhoeaceae | Grass-tree family | PFAF lists 6 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Xyridaceae | Yellow-eyed grass family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
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| Zannichelliaceae | Horned pondweed family | PFAF lists 1 plant in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Zingiberaceae | Ginger family | Includes ginger, turmeric, cardamom and galangal. Highly useful for spices, edible rhizomes, medicines, dyes and tropical ornamentals. PFAF currently lists 5 plants in this family. |
| Zosteraceae | Seagrass family | PFAF lists 3 plants in this family. It is included mainly for taxonomic completeness; review individual species pages for edible, medicinal, ecological or ornamental uses. |
| Zygophyllaceae | Caltrop family | Includes caltrops, guaiacum and creosote-bush relatives. Dryland family with medicinal, resin, timber and tough desert species. PFAF currently lists 11 plants in this family. |