We depend on donations from users of our database of over 8000 edible and useful plants to keep making it available free of charge and to further extend and improve it. In recent months donations are down, and we are spending more than we receive. Please give what you can to keep PFAF properly funded. More >>>

Follow Us:

 

Aloe arborescens - Mill.

Common Name Candelabra Aloe, Tree Aloe, Mountain Bush Aloe
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
USDA hardiness 10-11
Known Hazards The sap of Aloe species contains anthraquinones. These compounds have several beneficial medicinal actions, particularly as a laxative, and many species of Aloe are thus employed in traditional medicine. Whilst safe in small doses and for short periods of time, anthraquinones do have potential problems if used in excess. These include congestion and irritation of the pelvic organs[ 299 ]. Long term use of anthraquinone laxatives may also play a role in development of colorectal cancer as they have genotoxic potential, and tumorigenic potential[ 299 ].
Habitats Found at elevations from sea level up to 2,800 metres in montane grassland amongst rocks and in open evergreen forest, in the eastern border mountains and outliers with high local rainfall and drizzle in the dry season; also in coastal forest[ 308 ].
Range Eastern and southern Africa - Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, S. Africa.
Edibility Rating    (2 of 5)
Other Uses    (3 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (5 of 5)
Care (info)
Tender Well drained soil Moist Soil Semi-shade Full sun
Aloe arborescens Candelabra Aloe, Tree Aloe, Mountain Bush Aloe


https://edibleplants.org/
Aloe arborescens Candelabra Aloe, Tree Aloe, Mountain Bush Aloe

 

Translate this page:

Summary

Candelabea Aloe, Tree Aloe, Mountain Bush Aloe. Aloe arborescens. Candelabea Aloe (Aloe arborescens) is a perennial, flowering succulent, shrub-like plant that grows up 5 m tall. It stems at or near the base and is much branched above. The long leaves are arranged in rosettes, green with a slight tint of blue in colour, and edges have small spikes. Flowers are raceme, cylindrical in shape, and red to orange in colour. Though commonly used as an ornamental plant for hedges, the plant also has medicinal properties. It is use as main ingredient in over-the-counter drugs for the acceleration of gastric secretion, as a purgative and for dermatological use. Among the other species in the Aloe genus, gel of Aloe arborescens has higher concentrations of the primary compounds responsible for the faster and more effective action of the gel against skin conditions like scratches, bites, and burns. It is also works for treating inflammation and infections of the eye. The leaves can be used as treatment for constipation, when eaten as a vegetable, or for burns and wounds, when split or crushed fresh. The flowers produce sweet nectar. Cultivation is through seeds or stem cuttings. Other known names are Chitseyse, Iposo, Kranz aloe, tree aloe, and mountain bush aloe. Other Names: Chitseyse, Iposo, Kranz aloe.


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of shrub
Aloe arborescens is an evergreen Shrub growing to 3 m (9ft) by 2 m (6ft) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10 and is frost tender. The flowers are pollinated by Sunbirds, Bees.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.
It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

Aloe arborea Medik. Aloe frutescens Salm-Dyck Aloe fruticosa Lam. Aloe fulgens Tod. Aloe mutabilis P

Habitats

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Leaves  Nectar  Stem
Edible Uses:

The flowers are sucked for their sweet nectar[ 301 ]. In Japan the leaves are used as a vegetable and as a health food because they are thought to overcome constipation. Parts of the stem with a number of leaves attached are marketed as a vegetable[ 299 ]. The plant is an important ingredient of 'Kidachi aloe candies', a popular sweet in Japan, enjoyed for its tangy yoghurt flavour[ 299 ].

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antiinflammatory  Cancer  Hypoglycaemic  Laxative  Purgative  Skin

This species is one of the main sources of Aloe for medicinal use - preparations made from it are sold as over-the-counter drugs for the acceleration of gastric secretion, as a purgative and for dermatological use[ 299 ]. In Ecuador, where the plant is cultivated, it is considered the first treatment for any type of scratch, bite, or burn, and is used in hospitals as a primary treatment for burns up to the third degree[ 372 ]. Worldwide attention was drawn to the possible value of the gel prepared from this and other Aloe species after the second World War, when skin burns of victims of the nuclear bombs on Japan were successfully treated with it[ 299 ]. The gel of this species contains much higher concentrations of the primary compounds present in other aloes, and this higher concentration is responsible for the faster and more effective action of the gel against skin conditions[ 372 ]. As in most Aloe species, the leaf exudate of this species contains anthraquinone derivatives such as aloin and hydroxyaloins[ 299 ]. Although aloin is inactive as a laxative, it is activated in the digestive tract by Eubacterium species to the compound aloe-emodin anthrone, which is an effective laxative[ 299 ]. Although some observations indicate that in diarrhoea induced by aloin, increased water content might be more important than stimulated peristalsis, the side effects of prolonged use point to a griping effect on the colon. Therefore, aloin should preferably be administered in combination with an antispasmodic to moderate its griping action[ 299 ]. In any case, anthraquinone laxatives should not be used for longer than 8 - 10 days, or by children younger than 12 years. Contra-indications also include pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal inflammations and haemorrhoids[ 299 ]. Possible side effects of aloin include congestion and irritation of the pelvic organs. Anthraquinone laxatives may play a role in development of colorectal cancer as they have genotoxic potential and also tumorigenic potential in rodents[ 299 ]. It has been claimed that aloin is also responsible for antihistamine and anti-inflammatory activity[ 299 ]. Both aloin and aloeresin B have skin-whitening activity[ 299 ]. The gel contains polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Apart from mannan and glucomannan, arboran A and arboran B have been identified, which have hypoglycaemic effects. The structure-function relationship of polysaccharides from gel from different Aloe species is still subject to research. Biological activity is thought to be, at least partly, due to immunomodulating effects of these polysaccharides[ 299 ]. The leaf epidermis contains lectins (aloctin A and aloctin B) that inhibit the growth of fibrosarcoma in animals. The leaf powder showed protective effects against human carcinogenesis[ 299 ]. In 2002 the United States Food and Drug Administration withdrew the 'generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE)' status for over-the-counter drugs based on aloe exudates[ 299 ]. Aloe arborescens gel works as a synergist of neomycin sulphate in eye drops; they are useful in the treatment of inflammation and infections of the eye[ 299 ]. Freeze-dried leaves have shown a 70% growth inhibition of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (one of the fungi causing athlete?s foot in humans)[ 299 ]. A leaf decoction is given to women to ease childbirth[ 299 ]. The leaves are eaten as a vegetable as a treatment for constipation[ 299 ]. The split or crushed fresh leaves are widely used to treat burns and wounds[ 299 ].

References   More on Medicinal Uses

Now available: PLANTS FOR YOUR FOOD FOREST: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens.

An important new book from PFAF. It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield. The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth.

Read More

FOOD FOREST PLANTS

Other Uses

Hedge

Other uses rating: Medium (3/5). Agroforestry Uses: The plant is frequently grown in drier areas of the tropics as a hedge and living fence[ 418 ]. It makes an excellent, impenetrable hedge[ 295 ]. Homesteads that have been abandoned for over a century can still be traced thanks to surviving fences[ 299 ].

Special Uses

Food Forest  Hedge

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

A plant of the semi-arid to moist tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 18 - 26c, but can tolerate 9 - 38c[ 418 ]. It can be killed by temperatures of -1c or lower[ 418 ]. So long as the plant is not wet, it can tolerate occasional temperatures down to about -4c[ 423 ]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 400 - 1,500mm, but tolerates 300 - 1,700mm[ 418 ]. Succeeds in full sun or light shade, requiring a well-drained, light to medium soil[ 418 , 423 ]. Prefers a pH in the range 5 - 6.5, tolerating 4.2 - 7[ 418 ]. Established plants are drought tolerant[ 295 ]. This species hybridizes freely with several other Aloe species[ 295 ]. Aloe species follow the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). CAM plants can fix carbon dioxide at night and photosynthesize with closed stomata during the day, thus minimizing water loss. This, plus their succulent leaves and stems, and the presence of a thick cuticle, makes them well adapted to dry conditions[ 299 ].

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

Temperature Converter

Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:

Fahrenheit:

image

The PFAF Bookshop

Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs.

Shop Now

Propagation

Seed - sow in a sandy, well-drained potting soil in a warm, shady position in standard seed trays. Germination takes about three weeks. Cover with a thin layer of sand (1 - 2mm), keep moist and the seedlings can be planted out in individual bags or containers as soon as they are large enough to handle[ 295 ]. Stem cuttings 3 - 10cm long[ 299 ]. A branch or stem can be cut off, allowed to dry for a day or so until the wound has sealed, and then planted in well-drained soil or sand. It need not be rooted in any particular place and then transplanted, but can be placed directly into its permanent place in the garden. It is important to remember not to water the cutting too heavily; overwatering may cause it to rot[ 295 ].

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Chitseyse, Iposo, Kranz aloe.

Native Plant Search

Search over 900 plants ideal for food forests and permaculture gardens. Filter to search native plants to your area. The plants selected are the plants in our book 'Plants For Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens, as well as plants chosen for our forthcoming related books for Tropical/Hot Wet Climates and Mediterranean/Hot Dry Climates. Native Plant Search

Found In

Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available

Found In: Africa, Australia, Canada, East Africa, Hawaii, Malawi, Mozambique, North America, Pacific, South Africa*, Southern Africa, Swaziland, USA, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.

None Known

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed.

Related Plants
Latin NameCommon NameHabitHeightHardinessGrowthSoilShadeMoistureEdibleMedicinalOther
Aloe camperiAloeShrub0.8 9-12 MLMSND041
Aloe feroxCape Aloe, Bitter Aloe, Red Aloe, Cape Aloe, Alligator Jaw AloeShrub3.0 9-11 SLMND253
Aloe macrosiphonTanzanian AloePerennial0.5 9-11 SLMSND041
Aloe perryiPerry's AloePerennial0.3 10-12 SLMND041
Aloe veraAloe Vera, Barbados aloe, First Aid Plant, Medicinal AloePerennial0.8 9-11 SLMNDM153
Aquilaria malaccensisAgar Wood, Eaglewood, Indian Aloewood, AloeswoodTree20.0 10-12 SLMHSNM133
Hesperaloe funiferaNew Mexico false yuccaPerennial1.8 6-9 SLMNDM002
Hesperaloe nocturna Perennial1.8 6-9 SLMNDM002
Yucca aloifoliaSpanish Bayonet, Aloe yucca, Dagger Plant, Yucca, Spanish BayonetTree7.5 8-10 SLMHSNDM312

Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

Print Friendly and PDF

Expert comment

Author

Mill.

Botanical References

1

Links / References

For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.

Readers comment

Add a comment

If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below. Only comments or links that are felt to be directly relevant to a plant will be included. If you think a comment/link or information contained on this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your feedback at [email protected]. If you have questions about a plant please use the Forum on this website as we do not have the resources to answer questions ourselves.

* Please note: the comments by website users are not necessarily those held by PFAF and may give misleading or inaccurate information.

To leave a comment please Register or login here All comments need to be approved so will not appear immediately.

Subject : Aloe arborescens  
© 2010, Plants For A Future. Plants For A Future is a charitable company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales. Charity No. 1057719, Company No. 3204567.