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Summary
White Sage (S. apiana) leaves are used sparingly in cooking, especially in teas and herbal preparations. Salvias are a large group of plants in the mint family. They are native to many parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and they are distributed throughout the temperate and tropical regions. There are over 900 species of Salvia, making it one of the largest genera in the mint family. The centre of diversity for Salvia is Mexico, with about 500 species. Salvias have aromatic leaves and flowers, typically purple, blue, or white. The leaves are usually green, but some species have variegated foliage. Harvest all year from the first year.
Physical Characteristics

Salvia apiana is a PERENNIAL growing to 3 m (9ft 10in) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. It is in flower from April to July. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees. The plant is self-fertile.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Plant Habitats
Cultivated Beds; South Wall. By. West Wall. By.
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Seed Stem
Edible Uses: Condiment Drink
Seed - raw or cooked. It can be ground into a powder and used as a mush[177, 257]. The seed has been mixed with cereals such as oats or wheat, toasted then ground into a fine powder and eaten dry[257]. The seed can also be soaked overnight and used as a drink in water or fruit juice or eaten with cereals[61, 183]. The seed is also used as a spice[105]. The leaves are used in cooking[183]. They can be used as a flavouring in seed mushes[257]. Stem tops[105, 177]. The young stalks can be eaten raw[257]. Ripe stem tops can be peeled and eaten raw[257].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Blood tonic Ophthalmic
An infusion of the leaves is used as a blood tonic and as a treatment for coughs and colds[257]. The leaves can be eaten, or used as a sweat bath, in the treatment of colds[257]. The seeds have been used as eye cleaners[257]. No more information is given here, but in other instances the seed has been placed in the eye, it then forms a gelatinous covering to which any foreign matter in the eye adheres. The seed is washed out of the eye by the eyes own tears[K].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Hair Incense
Agroforestry uses: Sage can be used as a companion plant to attract pollinators and beneficial insects. Its aromatic leaves may also deter some pests, making it useful in pest management strategies. The leaves have been crushed in water and used as a hair shampoo, dye and hair straightener[257]. A poultice of the freshly crushed leaves can be applied to the armpits to treat body odours[257]. The leaves have been burnt as an incense to fumigate a house after a case of contagious disease such as measles[257]. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen:
Yes – Salvia species are excellent for pollinators. The flowers are rich in nectar, attracting bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds.
2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting):
Yes – Although the seeds and fruits are not significant food sources, the dense foliage can provide some shelter for wildlife, and it can serve as ground cover for small animals or invertebrates.
3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover):
Yes – Sage plants provide ground cover and their woody stems and dense leaf litter can offer overwintering sites and protection for beneficial insects.
4. Pest Confuser (Smell):
Yes – Sage has a strong, aromatic smell that can repel pests like insects and herbivores. It is often planted as a companion plant to deter harmful pests.
Special Uses
Attracts Wildlife
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Requires a very well-drained light sandy soil in a sunny position[200]. Prefers a rich soil[1]. Plants grow best in a dry climate and can be killed by excessive winter wet[200, 260]. This species is not hardy in the colder areas of the country, it tolerates temperatures down to between -5 and -10°c[200]. The seed is sold in health food shops for its use in making a drink[183]. A good bee plant[61]. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer[233]. White sage (Salvia apiana) is self-fertile, but it produces the most seeds when pollinated by other plants. Sage is a moderately fast-growing herb, often reaching maturity in about 1 to 2 years under optimal conditions. Sage leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season, with the best flavor typically from spring to early summer, just before flowering.
Sage usually flowers in late spring to early summer, generally between May and June (Northern Hemisphere), depending on the specific species and growing conditions. Sage is a moderately fast-growing herb, often reaching maturity in about 1 to 2 years under optimal conditions.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
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Plant Propagation
Seed - sow March/April in a greenhouse[200]. Germination usually takes place within 2 weeks. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and plant them out in early summer. In areas where the plant is towards the limits of its hardiness, it is best to grow the plants on in a greenhouse for their first winter and plant them out in late spring of the following year. Cuttings of half-ripe wood succeed at almost any time in the growing season[200].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
White Sage, Compact white sage
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: United States (California (south)), Mexico (Baja California (Norte))
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
Related Plants
|
Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
Cistus salviifolius | Rock Rose, Salvia cistus, Sage Leaf Rock Rose | Shrub | 0.6 |
8-11
| F | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Salvia ballotaeflora | | Annual | 0.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | |
Salvia carduacea | Thistle Sage | Annual/Perennial | 0.7 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 0 | |
Salvia carnosa | Purple Sage | Shrub | 0.8 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 2 | |
Salvia clevelandii | Blue Sage, Fragrant sage, Chaparral Sage | Shrub | 0.6 |
8-11
| M | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Salvia columbariae | Chia, Ziegler's sage | Annual/Perennial | 0.7 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 3 | 2 | |
Salvia dorisiana | Sage Fruity Pineapple | Perennial | 1.3 |
9-12
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Salvia dorrii | Purple Sage | Shrub | 0.6 |
5-9
| F | LM | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Salvia elegans | Pineapple Sage, Pineapple-scented Sage, | Perennial | 1.0 |
8-11
| M | LM | N | DM | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Salvia fruticosa | Greek Sage, Greek oregano | Shrub | 1.0 |
8-11
| M | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Salvia glabrescens | | Perennial | 0.3 |
-
| | LM | SN | DM | 1 | 0 | |
Salvia glutinosa | Jupiter's Distaff, Sticky Sage | Perennial | 1.2 |
4-8
| | LM | SN | DM | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Salvia hispanica | Mexican Chia, Chia | Annual | 1.0 |
8-11
| M | LM | N | DM | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Salvia japonica | | Perennial | 0.8 |
7-10
| | LM | SN | DM | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Salvia lanata | | Perennial | 0.3 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 1 | |
Salvia lanigera | Wrinkle-Leaved Sage | Shrub | 0.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | |
Salvia lavandulifolia | Spanish Sage | Shrub | 0.3 |
4-8
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Salvia leucantha | Mexican Bush Sage | Shrub | 1.2 |
8-10
| F | LMH | N | M | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Salvia lyrata | Cancer Weed, Lyreleaf Sage | Perennial | 0.6 |
4-9
| M | LM | N | DM | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Salvia mellifera | Californian Black Sage | Shrub | 2.0 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 2 | |
Salvia microphylla | Blackcurrant Sage | Perennial | 1.2 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | |
Salvia moorcroftiana | | Perennial | 0.9 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 1 | |
Salvia multicaulis | | Shrub | 0.3 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | |
Salvia multiorrhiza | Dan Shen | Perennial | 0.6 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 0 | 3 | |
Salvia officinalis | Sage, Kitchen sage, Small Leaf Sage, Garden Sage | Shrub | 0.6 |
5-10
| M | LM | N | DM | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Salvia plebeia | | Biennial | 0.5 |
-
| | LM | N | MWe | 1 | 1 | |
Salvia pomifera | Apple Sage | Shrub | 1.0 |
7-10
| M | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Salvia pratensis | Meadow Clary, Introduced sage | Perennial | 1.0 |
3-7
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Salvia reflexa | Mintweed, Lanceleaf sage | Annual | 0.8 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
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