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Summary
Bloom Color: Lavender, Pink, White. Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Oval, Pyramidal.
Physical Characteristics
Crataegus mollis is a deciduous Tree growing to 9 m (29ft) by 12 m (39ft) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen in September. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Midges.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.
It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.
It can tolerate atmospheric pollution.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
C. coccinea mollis.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Hedge;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Fruit
Edible Uses: Tea
Fruit - raw or cooked[22, 46, 62, 101, 183]. Sub-acid, dry and mealy[82, 227]. The fruit is also used for making jellies and preserves[61, 95, 183]. Fairly large, it is about 20 - 25mm in diameter[200], with a thick flesh[229]. There are up to five fairly large seeds in the centre of the fruit, these often stick together and so the effect is of eating a cherry-like fruit with a single seed[K]. A tea-like beverage can be made from the twigs[257].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Cardiotonic Hypotensive
Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, the fruits and flowers of many hawthorns are well-known in herbal folk medicine as a heart tonic and modern research has borne out this use. The fruits and flowers have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic[222]. They are especially indicated in the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure[222]. Prolonged use is necessary for it to be efficacious[222]. It is normally used either as a tea or a tincture[222].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Hedge Hedge
The plant is tolerant of being trimmed and will even resprout if cut back into very old wood. It can be used as a hedge[50]. Wood - heavy, hard, tough, close-grained. Useful for making tool handles, mallets and other small items[82].
Special Uses
Espalier Food Forest Hedge Hedge Scented Plants
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Landscape Uses:Espalier, Pollard, Specimen, Street tree. A very easily grown plant, it prefers a well-drained moisture retentive loamy soil but is not at all fussy[11, 200]. Once established, it succeeds in excessively moist soils and also tolerates drought[200]. It grows well on a chalk soil and also in heavy clay soils[200]. A position in full sun is best when plants are being grown for their fruit, they also succeed in semi-shade though fruit yields and quality will be lower in such a position[11, 200]. Most members of this genus succeed in exposed positions, they also tolerate atmospheric pollution[200]. A very hardy plant, tolerating temperatures down to at least -18°c[202]. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[200]. Seedling trees take from 5 - 8 years before they start bearing fruit, though grafted trees will often flower heavily in their third year[K]. The flowers have a foetid smell somewhat like decaying fish. This attracts midges which are the main means of fertilization. When freshly open, the flowers have more pleasant scent with balsamic undertones[245]. Seedlings should not be left in a seedbed for more than 2 years without being transplanted[11]. A very ornamental plant[11], the branches are almost thornless[229]. A rather variable species, it has been separated into several different species by some botanists[82]. This species is much confused with C. chrysocarpa[11] and with C. coccinea[50]. It is very closely related to C. submollis, differing in having 20 stamens to a flower (as compared to 10 in C. submollis)[202]. Special Features:
North American native, Attractive flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 6 through 1. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures.
Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat.
The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C).
At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days).
For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a standard with a non-suckering single trunk [1-2]. The root pattern is a tap root similar to a carrot going directly down [1-2].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
Seed - this is best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame, some of the seed will germinate in the spring, though most will probably take another year. Stored seed can be very slow and erratic to germinate, it should be warm stratified for 3 months at 15°c and then cold stratified for another 3 months at 4°c[164]. It may still take another 18 months to germinate[78]. Scarifying the seed before stratifying it might reduce this time[80]. Fermenting the seed for a few days in its own pulp may also speed up the germination process[K]. Another possibility is to harvest the seed 'green' (as soon as the embryo has fully developed but before the seedcoat hardens) and sow it immediately in a cold frame. If timed well, it can germinate in the spring[80]. If you are only growing small quantities of plants, it is best to pot up the seedlings as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on in individual pots for their first year, planting them out in late spring into nursery beds or their final positions. When growing larger quantities, it might be best to sow them directly outdoors in a seedbed, but with protection from mice and other seed-eating creatures. Grow them on in the seedbed until large enough to plant out, but undercut the roots if they are to be left undisturbed for more than two years.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: Canada, Ontario (south), United States, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Illinois, Kansas (east), Minnesota, Nebraska (east), North Dakota (east), Oklahoma, South Dakota (east), Wisconsin, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, AUSTRALASIA: New Guinea
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Crataegus acclivis | | Tree | 8.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | |
| Crataegus aestivalis | Eastern Mayhaw, May hawthorn, Mayhaw, Apple Hawthorn | Shrub | 9.0 |
6-11
| M | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Crataegus altaica | Altai Mountain Thorn | Tree | 6.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus anomala | Arnold hawthorn | Shrub | 5.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Crataegus apiifolia | Parsley-Leaved Hawthorn | Shrub | 4.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus aprica | Sunny Hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DMWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus armena | | Tree | 0.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus arnoldiana | Arnold Hawthorn | Tree | 7.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DMWe | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus atrosanguinea | | Tree | 0.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus azarolus | Azarole | Tree | 10.0 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus baroussana | Tejocote | Shrub | 2.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus caesa | | Shrub | 3.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus calpodendron | Pear Hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus canadensis | Canadian hawthorn | Tree | 9.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus canbyi | Cockspur hawthorn, Dwarf Hawthorn, Cockspur Hawthorn | Shrub | 5.0 |
4-7
| M | LMH | SN | DMWe | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus champlainensis | Quebec hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus chlorosarca | | Tree | 6.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa | Fireberry Hawthorn, Red haw, Piper's hawthorn, | Tree | 6.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus coccinoides | Kansas Hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DMWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus columbiana | Columbian Hawthorn | Tree | 5.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus crus-galli | Cockspur Thorn, Cockspur hawthorn, Dwarf Hawthorn | Shrub | 10.0 |
4-7
| M | LMH | SN | DMWe | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Crataegus cuneata | Sanzashi, Chinese hawthorn | Shrub | 15.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Crataegus dilatata | Broadleaf hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus dispessa | Mink hawthorn | Tree | 8.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus douglasii | Black Hawthorn | Tree | 9.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus durobrivensis | Caughuawaga Hawthorn | Shrub | 5.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus ellwangeriana | Scarlet Hawthorn | Tree | 6.0 |
5-7
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus elongata | | Shrub | 4.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus festiva | | Shrub | 3.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Crataegus flabellata | Fanleaf hawthorn | Shrub | 6.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 3 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
(Torr.&A.Gray.)Scheele.
Botanical References
1143200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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Subject : Crataegus mollis
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