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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Bauhinia thonningii is an evergreen Tree growing to 5 m (16ft) by 4 m (13ft) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10. The flowers are pollinated by Bees. The plant is not self-fertile.
It can fix Nitrogen.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh.
Plant Habitats
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Fruit Leaves Oil
Edible Uses: Drink Gum Oil
Fruit - raw or cooked[398 ]. The pulp surrounding the seed is eaten, it has a sweet flavour and is eaten mainly by children and travellers[398 ]. The brown pod is cracked open, the seeds removed, and the pulp eaten as a snack or as emergency food[398 ]. It is normally only eaten in small amounts[398 ]. The fruits are collected in large quantities during famine periods. They are then pounded and the powder soaked in water, the liquid stirred and drunk[398 ]. The flat, brown, woody pods are 15 - 20cm long. They persist on the tree but eventually decay on the ground to free the pea-sized seeds[398 ]. Tender young leaves - raw or cooked[303 , 617 ]. Chewed to relieve thirst[303 ]. The leaves are very occasionally eaten as a cooked vegetable[617 ]. The leaves are sometimes cooked in water, then the water is used for cooking millet[774 ]. Carbon Farming - Staple Crop: balanced carb.
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antitussive Contraceptive Mouthwash Skin Stomachic
Tender leaves are chewed and the juice swallowed to treat stomach-ache, coughs and snakebite[398 ]. The ash obtained from burnt leaves is rubbed into snakebite wounds after scarification in order to hasten healing[398 ]. The leaves are combined with those of mpandanjobvu and the liquid used to relieve the inflammation from sore eyes[466 ]. The roots are used to treat prolonged menstruation, haemorrhage and miscarriage in women and also for the treatment of coughs, colds, body pain and STDs[398 ]. An infusion of the root, combined with the root of the wild cow pea (Vigna sp.), is said to be a contraceptive[466 ]. It is drunk for seven consecutive days during which time no intercourse is allowed[466 ]. An infusion of the bark is used to treat coughs, colds, chest pains and snakebite[398 ]. An infusion of the bark is used for the cure of an infection of the gums called ciseye[466 ].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Dye Fibre Fodder Fuel Gum Mulch Oil Pioneer Soap Soil reclamation String Tannin Waterproofing Wood
Agroforestry Uses: A pioneer species within its native area, where it tends to colonize clearings and fallows[375 ]. Since it is a legume, and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, it might be a useful species to use when restoring woodland or setting up a woodland garden[K ]. A deep rooting species that produces considerable amounts of leaf litter, it can be used in soil protection initiatives. The use of the leaf litter as a mulch enhances soil fertility because the leaves decompose slowly[303 ]. The tree competes very little with maize if left in fields and pollarded to reduce shade[303 ]. Other Uses A fibre from the inner bark is used to make string, ropes and cloth[303 , 398 , 466 , 774 ]. A red-brown dye can be obtained from the macerated bark[303 , 774 ]. A blue dye can be obtained from the seeds and pods[303 , 774 ]. A black dye is obtained from the roasted seed[774 ]. The bark contains up to 18% tannins[303 , 774 ]. The roots are a source of tannins[303 ]. The inner bark is said to contain a gum that sweels in water and so can be used for caulking boats etc[303 , 774 ]. The unripe seedpods are used as a soap substitute[303 , 466 ]. The ashes of the plant are used for making soap[303 , 774 ]. The seeds contain oil[466 ]. No more information is given[K ]. The heartwood is pinkish to dark brown; the sapwood is light brown. The wood is straight-grained. It is used for poles, grain mortars, tool handles, spoons and bedsteads[303 , 398 ]. The wood is used for fuel[303 , 398 ]. Carbon Farming - Agroforestry Services: nitrogen. Fodder: pod.
Special Uses
Carbon Farming Coppice Food Forest Nitrogen Fixer
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen Fodder: Pod Management: Standard Regional Crop Staple Crop: Balanced carb
Climate: tropical. Humidity: semi-arid to humid. A plant of the semi-arid to moist tropics, where it can be found at elevations up to 1,850 metres. It is found in areas where the mean annual temperature can be around 20°c, and the mean annual rainfall is in the range 600 - 1,500mm[303 , 398 ]. Succeeds on a variety of soils[398 ]. Likes a rich, alluvial soil[466 ]. Heavy clayey soils or medium loamy soils are preferred[303 ]. The tree usually yields heavy crops of seedpods[375 ]. The plant has deep roots and can sucker freely[303 , 375 ]. It also responds well to coppicing and pollarding[303 ]. A dioecious species, both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed are required[303 ]. This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria; these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby[303 ]. Carbon Farming - Cultivation: regional crop. Management: standard.
Carbon Farming
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Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen
Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae.
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Fodder: Pod
Fodder plants with pods.
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Management: Standard
Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
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Regional Crop
These crops have been domesticated and cultivated regionally but have not been adopted elsewhere and are typically not traded globally, Examples in this broad category include perennial cottons and many nuts and staple fruits.
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Staple Crop: Balanced carb
(0-15 percent protein, 0-15 percent oil, with at least one over 5 percent). The carbohydrates are from either starch or sugar. Annuals include maize, wheat, rice, and potato. Perennials include chestnuts, carob, perennial fruits, nuts, cereals, pseudocereals, woody pods, and acorns.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
Seed - it has a hard seedcoat and benefits from scarification before sowing in order to speed up and improve germination. This can usually be done by pouring a small amount of nearly boiling water on the seeds (being careful not to cook them!) and then soaking them for 12 - 24 hours in warm water. By this time they should have imbibed moisture and swollen - if they have not, then carefully make a nick in the seedcoat (being careful not to damage the embryo) and soak for a further 12 hours before sowing[303]. Suckers[375].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Camel's foot, Rhodesian bauhinia, wild bauhinia, Ihabahaba (Ndebele), monkey bread [English]; Kameelspoor [Afrikaans]; niama, niamia [Bambara]; klo [Ewe]; barke, barkehi [Fulani]; kalgo, kargo, chanchali [Hausa]; mokgoropo [North Sotho]; mutukutu [Shona]; mukolokote [Venda], Mubaba (Shona) Muhuku (Shona) Musakasa (Shona) Musekesa (Shona) Mutukutu (Shona)
Native Range
TEMPERATE ASIA: Yemen AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad, Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D‘Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga)
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
None Known
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Schum
Botanical References
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.
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Subject : Bauhinia thonningii
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