Identification & Habit: Annual/biennial; smooth, glabrous foliage. Basal leaves with more numerous lobes than the other species (diagnostic note); upper leaves lobed and partly clasping. Bright yellow 4-petaled flowers in racemes; elongating siliques ascending to appressed; short beak. Habit is tidier and often shorter than B. vulgaris. Succeeds in sun or shade in a moist well-drained soil,[200] growing well on a north facing wall[33, 52]. The summer crop is best if it is given some shade whilst the winter crop succeeds in sunny positions[1, 200]. Land cress is often cultivated as a salad plant, when it is usually treated as an annual[46]. It can supply leaves all year round from successional sowings[1]. In hot weather plants soon run to seed unless they are kept shaded and moist[183]. The leaves taste much hotter in the summer[K]. Plants usually self-sow freely when growing in a suitable position[K]. Seasonality (Phenology): Sow: late summer–fall (overwinter rosettes) or very early spring. Harvest greens: late winter–spring. Flower/bolt: late spring; edible raab window is short. Seed: early summer. Growing Conditions: Full sun to light shade in warming climates; cool, moist, fertile loam (pH 6.0–7.5). Regular moisture keeps leaves tender; mulch to hold cool soil. Habitat & Range: Native to Europe/West Asia; cultivated widely; naturalized in temperate North America in damp field edges, gardens, and waste ground. Size & Landscape Performance: Compact clumps 20–60 cm; fine in kitchen beds, spring pots, or under fruit trees as a cool-season understory. Succession-sow every 2–3 weeks in cool periods. Thin to 10–15 cm. Harvest by cut-and-come-again or whole rosettes. Fertilize lightly (too much N = harshness). Shade cloth can extend the harvest as temps climb. Cultivar/Selection Notes: Sold as Upland Cress/Creasy Greens; several market strains exist (broad-leaf vs. narrow-leaf), all similar culinarily. Look-Alikes & Confusion Risks: Other cresses (Cardamine, Lepidium), watercress (Nasturtium officinale), and wild mustards. Confirm glabrous plant, lobed basal leaves with multiple pairs, and yellow flowers (not white like many cresses). Traditional/Indigenous Use Summary: Primarily a European kitchen green (salads and spring potherb) adopted in North American gardens; limited indigenous North American ethnobotanical record.