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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Viburnum sempervirens is an evergreen Shrub growing to 5 m (16ft 5in).
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 9 and is frost tender. It is in leaf all year. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Habitats
Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves
Edible Uses:
Leaves - cooked. A famine food, it is only used when all else fails[179].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
None known
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils but is ill-adapted for poor soils and for dry situations[1]. It prefers a deep rich loamy soil in sun or semi-shade[11, 200]. Best if given shade from the early morning sun in spring[200]. Not very frost tolerant, this species is only likely to succeed outdoors in the very mildest areas of the country[200]. Plants are self-incompatible and need to grow close to a genetically distinct plant in the same species in order to produce fruit and fertile seed[11, 200].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
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The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs.
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Propagation
Seed - best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Germination can be slow, sometimes taking more than 18 months. If the seed is harvested 'green' (when it has fully developed but before it has fully ripened) and sown immediately in a cold frame, it should germinate in the spring[80]. Stored seed will require 2 months warm then 3 months cold stratification and can still take 18 months to germinate[113]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a cold frame or greenhouse. Plant out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer of the following year. Cuttings of soft-wood, early summer in a frame[200]. Pot up into individual pots once they start to root and plant them out in late spring or early summer of the following year. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 5 - 8 cm long with a heel if possible, July/August in a frame[78, 113]. Plant them into individual pots as soon as they start to root. These cuttings can be difficult to overwinter, it is best to keep them in a greenhouse or cold frame until the following spring before planting them out[113]. Cuttings of mature wood, winter in a frame. They should root in early spring - pot them up when large enough to handle and plant them out in the summer if sufficient new growth is made, otherwise keep them in a cold frame for the next winter and then plant them out in the spring. Layering of current seasons growth in July/August. Takes 15 months[78].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Plant Search
Search over 900 plants ideal for food forests and permaculture gardens. Filter to search native plants to your area. The plants selected are the plants in our book 'Plants For Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens, as well as plants chosen for our forthcoming related books for Tropical/Hot Wet Climates and Mediterranean/Hot Dry Climates. Native Plant Search
Found In
Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Viburnum betulifolium | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | |
| Viburnum cassinoides | Withe Rod, Appalachian Tea, Witherod Viburnum, Witherod, Wild Raisin Viburnum | Shrub | 2.5 |
2-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Viburnum cordifolium | Viburnum | Tree | 6.0 |
8-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Viburnum corylifolium | | Shrub | 3.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum cotinifolium | | Shrub | 3.5 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Viburnum cylindricum | | Shrub | 5.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Viburnum dentatum | Arrow Wood, Southern arrowwood, Southern Arrowwood Viburnum | Shrub | 4.5 |
2-8
| F | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | |
| Viburnum dilatatum | Linden Viburnum, Linden arrowwood | Shrub | 3.0 |
5-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Viburnum edule | Mooseberry, Squashberry | Shrub | 2.5 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Viburnum erosum | Viburnum | Shrub | 1.8 |
6-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | |
| Viburnum erubescens | | Shrub | 5.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Viburnum erubescens gracilipes | | Shrub | 5.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Viburnum farreri | Culver's root, Fragrant Viburnum | Shrub | 3.0 |
5-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Viburnum foetens | | Shrub | 3.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Viburnum fordiae | | Shrub | 0.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum furcatum | | Shrub | 3.5 |
5-9
| | LMH | S | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum grandiflorum | Cranberry bush, | Shrub | 2.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Viburnum japonicum | | Shrub | 1.8 |
6-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | |
| Viburnum lantana | Wayfaring Tree, Wayfaring Tree Viburnum | Shrub | 5.0 |
4-7
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Viburnum lantanoides | Hobbleberry | Shrub | 3.0 |
3-7
| | LMH | FSN | M | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Viburnum lentago | Sheepberry, Nannyberry, Nannyberry Viburnum | Tree | 9.0 |
2-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Viburnum mongolicum | | Shrub | 2.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum mullaha | | Shrub | 3.0 |
8-11
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Viburnum nudum | Smooth Withe Rod, Possumhaw, Withe-rod, Swamp Haw, Smooth Witherod, Possum Haw Viburnum, Possum Haw | Shrub | 4.5 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | |
| Viburnum odoratissimum | Sweet Viburnum | Shrub | 5.0 |
8-10
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum opulus | Guelder Rose, Cramp Bark, European cranberrybush, American cranberrybush, Crampbark, European Highb | Shrub | 5.0 |
3-8
| M | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Viburnum phlebotrichum | | Shrub | 2.5 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum plicatum | Japanese Snowball, Japanese Snowball Viburnum, Doublefile Viburnum | Shrub | 4.0 |
5-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Viburnum prunifolium | Stagberry, Black Haw, Hybrid blackhaw, Smooth Blackhaw, Blackhaw Viburnum | Tree | 7.5 |
3-9
| S | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Viburnum rufidulum | Southern Black Haw, Rusty blackhaw | Shrub | 12.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 1 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
K.Koch.
Botanical References
200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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