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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Verbena is a PERENNIAL growing to 1.5 m (5ft) by 0.6 m (2ft in).
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 3. It is in flower from July to August. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees, flies, Lepidoptera (Moths & Butterflies). The plant is self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Plant Habitats
Edible Uses
Seed - cooked[257]. The seed can be roasted and ground into a powder or used whole as a piñole[105, 161, 183, 257]. Pleasantly bitter, some of this bitterness can be removed by leeching the flour[183]. The leaves are used as a tea substitute[161, 183, 257].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
The leaves and roots are antiperiodic, diaphoretic, emetic, expectorant, tonic, vermifuge and vulnerary[4, 21, 46, 222]. The roots are more active than the leaves[222]. The plant is used in the treatment of stomach aches, gravel, worms and scrofula[4, 257]. An infusion of the roots, leaves or seeds has been used in the early stages of fevers[257]. A snuff made from the dried flowers has been used to treat nose bleeds[257].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Succeeds in any moderately fertile well-drained but moisture retentive soil in a sunny position[1, 200]. Plants are hardy to about -20°c[187].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees,Edible Shrubs, Woodland Gardening, and Temperate Food Forest Plants. Our new book is Food Forest Plants For Hotter Conditions (Tropical and Sub-Tropical).
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Plant Propagation
Seed - sow early spring in a greenhouse or cold frame and only just cover the seed[1]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in the summer. Division in spring. Larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. We have found that it is best to pot up smaller divisions and grow them on in light shade in a greenhouse or cold frame until they are growing away well. Plant them out in the summer or the following spring. Basal cuttings in early summer. Harvest the shoots with plenty of underground stem when they are about 8 - 10cm above the ground. Pot them up into individual pots and keep them in light shade in a cold frame or greenhouse until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the summer.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: Canada (Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan (south), Manitoba (south), British Columbia (south)), United States (Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Illinois, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Colorado, Idaho (southwest), Montana, Oregon, Washington, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, California, Utah (north))
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Abronia fragrans | Snowball Sand Verbena | Perennial | 0.6 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 1 | |
| Abronia latifolia | Sand Verbena, Coastal sand verbena | Perennial | 0.1 |
7-10
| | L | N | DM | 2 | 0 | |
| Abronia turbinata | Transmontane Sand Verbena | Perennial | 0.1 |
-
| | L | N | DM | 0 | 1 | |
| Abronia villosa | Desert Sand Verbena | Annual | 0.1 |
7-10
| | L | N | DM | 0 | 1 | |
| Aloysia citriodora | Lemon Verbena, Lemon beebrush | Shrub | 3.0 |
7-10
| M | LM | SN | DM | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry, Beautyberry, French Mulberry, American Beautyberry | Shrub | 1.8 |
7-10
| S | M | SN | M | 2 | 2 | |
| Callicarpa japonica | Beautyberry, Japanese callicarpa, Japanese Beautyberry | Shrub | 2.0 |
5-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Callicarpa macrophylla | | Shrub | 2.5 |
8-11
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Callicarpa mollis | | Shrub | 2.4 |
7-10
| | M | N | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Callicarpa pedunculata | | Shrub | 3.0 |
9-11
| | LMH | N | M | 0 | 2 | |
| Clerodendrum bungei | Glory Flower, Rose glorybower, Cashmere Bouquet, Mexican Hydrangea, Glory Bower | Shrub | 2.0 |
7-9
| M | LMH | N | M | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 1 | |
| Clerodendrum japonicum | Japanese glorybower | Shrub | 2.5 |
9-11
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 1 | |
| Clerodendrum kwangtungense | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Clerodendrum trichotomum | Chou Wu Tong, Harlequin glorybower, Ferruginous clerodendrum, Harlequin Glory Bower | Tree | 6.0 |
6-11
| M | LMH | N | M | 1 | 3 | |
| Glandularia canadensis | Rose Verbena | Perennial | 0.3 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Lantana camara | Wild Sage, Lantana Verbena | Shrub | 1.8 |
8-12
| F | LMH | SN | DMWe | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Lippia graveolens | Mexican Oregano | Shrub | 2.0 |
9-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Phyla nodiflora | Frogfruit, Turkey tangle fogfruit | Perennial | 0.2 |
8-12
| | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Salvia verbenaca | Wild Clary | Perennial | 0.6 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | |
| Verbena hastata | American Blue Vervain, Swamp verbena | Perennial | 1.5 |
3-7
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Verbena officinalis | Vervain, Herb of the cross, Prostrate verbena | Perennial | 0.6 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 3 | |
| Verbena stricta | Hoary Vervain, Hoary verbena | Perennial | 1.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | M | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Verbena urticifolia | White Vervain | Perennial | 0.3 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | M | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitex agnus-castus | Agnus Castus, Lilac chastetree, Vitex, Chastetree | Shrub | 3.0 |
7-9
| M | LM | N | DM | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| Vitex cannabifolia | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Vitex negundo | Huang Ping, Chinese chastetree, Cut Leaf Vitex, Cut-leaf Chastetree | Shrub | 3.0 |
6-9
| M | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 2 |
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
L.
Botanical References
43200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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