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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Triticum_aestivum is a ANNUAL growing to 1.5 m (5ft).
It is not frost tender. It is in flower from June to July, and the seeds ripen from August to September. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Wind.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
T. vulgare.
Plant Habitats
Edible Uses
Seed - cooked. The seed can be cooked as a whole grain but it is more usually ground into a powder and used as a flour for making bread, fermented foods, pasta, cakes, biscuits etc[1, 13, 34, 57, 183]. High in gluten, it is the most common flour used for making bread. The seed can also be sprouted and then added to salads or juiced to make a healthy drink[183]. A nutritional analysis is available[218].
References More on Edible Uses
| Composition
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| Figures in grams (g) or miligrams (mg) per 100g of food.
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Seed (Fresh weight)
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- 340 Calories per 100g
- Water : 13%
- Protein: 11.7g; Fat: 2.2g; Carbohydrate: 72g; Fibre: 2g; Ash: 1.7g;
- Minerals - Calcium: 40mg; Phosphorus: 377mg; Iron: 3.5mg; Magnesium: 0mg; Sodium: 0mg; Potassium: 400mg; Zinc: 0mg;
- Vitamins - A: 0mg; Thiamine (B1): 0.55mg; Riboflavin (B2): 0.11mg; Niacin: 4.8mg; B6: 0mg; C: 0mg;
- Reference: [ 218]
- Notes: The figures given here are the median of a range given in the report.
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Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
The young stems are used in the treatment of biliousness and intoxication[218]. The ash is used to remove skin blemishes[218]. The fruit is antipyretic and sedative[218]. The light grain is antihydrotic[176]. It is used in the treatment of night sweats and spontaneous sweating[176]. The seed is said to contain sex hormones and has been used in China to promote female fertility[218]. The seed sprouts are antibilious, antivinous and constructive[218]. They are used in the treatment of malaise, sore throat, thirst, abdominal coldness and spasmic pain, constipation and cough[176]. The plant has anticancer properties[218].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
The straw has many uses, as a biomass for fuel etc, for thatching, as a mulch in the garden etc[13, 100, 141, 171]. A fibre obtained from the stems is used for making paper[189]. The stems are harvested in late summer after the seed has been harvested, they are cut into usable pieces and soaked in clear water for 24 hours. They are then cooked for 2 hours in lye or soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours in a ball mill. The fibres make a green-tan paper[189]. The starch from the seed is used for laundering, sizing textiles etc[46, 61].
Special Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
An easily grown plant, it prefers a sunny position in a rich well-drained soil. Wheat is widely cultivated in most parts of the world, but less so in Asia, for its edible seed[13]. There are many named varieties[183]. This is a hexaploid species. Grows well with maize and with camomile in small quantities[18]. Dislikes dogwood, cherry, tulips, pine and poppies[18]. For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a clumper with limited spread [1-2].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
Seed - sow early spring or autumn in situ and only just cover the seed. Germination should take place within a few days[K].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Ble, Frumento, Gahum, Gahun, Gahung, Gam, Gandham, Gandum, Gawn, Gehun, Gendum, Ghavum, Giun, Godamba, Godhi, Godhuma, Godumai, Godumbayarisi, Gom, Goodhumalu, Govum, Kanak, Kotanpam, Saatweizen, Tirigu, Trigo, Xaio mai, aabguwan, amylum tritici, blé, blé ordinaire, bread wheat, common wheat, dinkel, dinkel wheat, escanda, escaña, espelta, farro, froment, fructus tritici levis, frumento, frumento tenero, fu xiao mai, fuxiaomai, gam, gandum, gehun, godhuma, godumai, godumulu, hantha, hulled wheat, komugi, light wheat grain, mil, nishasta-e-gandum, pivla-potia, refined wheat-germ oil, saatweizen, spelt, spelt wheat, speltvete, spelz, trigo, trigo blando, trigo candeal, tritici aestivi oleum raffinatum, tritici aestivi oleum virginale, tritici amylum, tritici levis fructus, tritici levis semen, vete, virgin wheat-germ oil, weizen, wheat, wheat bran, wheat starch, wheat-germ oil, refined, wheat-germ oil, virgin, xiao mai, épeautre.
Native Range
TEMPERATE ASIA: Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Transcaucasus, Turkey,Iran. TROPICAL ASIA: India, West Himalayas, Pakistan, EUROPE: Transcaucasus, Turkey,
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
L.
Botanical References
17
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.
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Subject : Triticum_aestivum
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