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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Tilia caroliniana is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft 7in) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 7 and is not frost tender. It is in flower in July, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
T. americana pubescens. T. ashei. T. floridana. T. pubescens.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Canopy;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves
Edible Uses: Tea
Young leaves - raw[K]. A tea is made from the flowers. A very good chocolate substitute is made from a paste of the ground fruits and flowers[2]. Trials on marketing the product failed because the paste decomposes readily[2].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antispasmodic Diaphoretic Sedative
A tea made from the flowers is antispasmodic, diaphoretic and sedative[226].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Fibre Wood
A fibre is obtained from the tough inner bark It can be made into diverse items such as mats, shoes and coarse cloth[229]. Wood - soft, light, easily worked. Used for interior finishing, woodenware etc[149].
Special Uses
Attracts Wildlife
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Prefers a good moist loamy alkaline to neutral soil but succeeds on slightly acid soils[11, 200]. Grows poorly on any very dry or very wet soil[200. Dislikes exposed positions[200]. Succeeds in sun or semi-shade[188]. One report suggests that this tree is probably tender in Britain[11] whilst another says that it succeeds in zone 7, which means that it should be hardy in most of Britain[200]. A fast-growing tree in its native habitats[227], but it prefers a continental climate, growing more slowly and not producing fertile seed in areas with cool summers[200]. Lime trees tend to hybridise freely if other members of the genus are growing nearby[238]. If growing plants from seed it is important to ensure the seed came from a wild source or from an isolated clump of the single species[K]. Grows best in a woodland situation, young plants tolerate a reasonable level of side shade[200]. A good bee plant[149]. Trees are usually attacked by aphids which cover the ground and the leaves with a sticky honeydew[188]. Quite tolerant of root disturbance, semi-mature trees up to 5 metres tall have been transplanted successfully. Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus[200].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
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Plant Propagation
Seed - much of the seed produced in Britain is not viable, cut a few seedcases open to see if there is a seed inside[80]. If possible, obtain fresh seed that is ripe but has not as yet developed a hard seed coat and sow it immediately in a cold frame. It may germinate in the following spring though it could take 18 months[80]. Stored seed can be very slow to germinate. It has a hard seed coat, embryo dormancy and a hard coat on the pericarp. All these factors mean that the seed may take up to 8 years to germinate[80]. One way of shortening this time is to stratify the seed for 5 months at high temperatures (10°c at night, up to 30°c by day) and then 5 months cold stratification[80]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Layering in spring just before the leaves unfurl. Takes 1 - 3 years[78]. Suckers, when formed, can be removed with as much root as possible during the dormant season and replanted immediately[200].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: United States (Oklahoma (southeast), Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Texas)
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Corchorus capsularis | Jute | Annual/Perennial | 3.5 |
9-11
| F | LMH | N | M | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Corchorus olitorius | Jew's Mallow, Nalta jute | Annual/Perennial | 3.5 |
9-11
| F | LMH | N | M | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Entelea arborescens | Corkwood Tree | Shrub | 6.0 |
8-11
| | LMH | N | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Grewia biloba parviflora | | Shrub | 3.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Grewia oppositifolia | | Shrub | 0.0 |
8-11
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Talipariti tiliaceum | Beach Hibiscus, Sea Hibiscus, Cottontree, Mahoe | Tree | 10.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | MWe | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Tilia americana | American Basswood, Carolina basswood, Basswood, AmericanBasswood, American Linden | Tree | 25.0 |
3-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Tilia amurensis | | Tree | 30.0 |
4-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Tilia chinensis | | Tree | 25.0 |
4-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Tilia cordata | Small Leaved Lime, Littleleaf linden | Tree | 30.0 |
3-7
| M | LMH | SN | M | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Tilia heterophylla | White Basswood, American basswood | Tree | 30.0 |
4-8
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Tilia japonica | Japanese Lime | Tree | 20.0 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Tilia mongolica | Mongolian Lime | Tree | 15.0 |
3-6
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Tilia oliveri | | Tree | 15.0 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Tilia platyphyllos | Large Leaved Lime, Largeleaf linden, Bigleaf Linden | Tree | 30.0 |
4-6
| M | LMH | SN | M | 5 | 3 | 4 |
| Tilia tomentosa | Silver Lime | Tree | 25.0 |
4-7
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Tilia tuan | | Tree | 16.0 |
5-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Tilia x europaea | Linden, Common Lime | Tree | 35.0 |
3-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 5 | 3 | 3 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Mill.
Botanical References
11200
Links / References
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Subject : Tilia caroliniana
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