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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Oenocarpus_bataua is an evergreen Tree growing to 20 m (65ft) by 12 m (39ft) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10.
Suitable for: medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid and neutral soils and can grow in very acid soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Jessenia bataua (Mart.) Burret Jessenia oligocarpa Griseb. & H.Wendl. Jessenia polycarpa H.Karst. Jessenia repanda Engl. Jessenia weberbaueri Burret Oenocarpus batawa Wallace Oenocarpus oligocarpus (Griseb. & H.Wendl.) Wess.Boer Oenocarpus seje Cuervo Márquez
Plant Habitats
Edible Uses
A light greenish-yellow oil is obtained from the fruit[301 ]. Used as a salad or cooking oil317]. Very stable, it does not easily turn rancid[370 ]. It is almost identical with olive oil[301 , 370 ]. Used in cooking and as a colouring for chocolates[301 ]. Traditionally, the oil is extracted by pounding the fruit, boiling it in water and skimming off the oil as it floats on the surface[370 ]. Fruit - a sweet flavour46]. The thin, oily mesocarp has a chocolate-like flavour, and is very popular[355 ]. It is usually soaked before eating to soften the pulp[355 ]. The fleshy fruit can be eaten fried[317 ]. The fruit is about 3cm long and 2cm wide[416 ]. A nutritious protein- and oil-rich beverage (agua de seche) is made from the fruit pulp[46 , 317 ]. It is sometimes made into an alcoholic drink by fermentation[317 ]. A nutritious milk-like beverage is made by mixing the juice of the pulp with manioc meal[301 ]. Seed - cooked[324 ]. Eaten mainly by poor people[324 ]. Leaves - cooked[317 , 763 ]. The apical bud, often known as a 'palm heart', is eaten as a vegetable[763 ]. Eating this bud leads to the death of the tree because it is unable to make side shoots[K ].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
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The fruits are soaked in warm water to soften, the seed coat is removed, and the remainder is macerated in cold water, strained, and drunk or used as a tonic[348 ]. The oil obtained from the fruit is used medicinally[317 ]. It is used as a carrier oil - the wood chips of Schefflera morototoni are steeped in the oil and then the oil is massaged into the back to relieve pain in the vertebral column[348 ]. The oil from the seed is purgative and is also used to treat tuberculosis[739 ]. The hard endosperm is crushed and eaten to cure snake bites[355 ].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
The kernels yield an edible oil, somewhat similar to olive oil, that can also be made into soap and is used in the cosmetic industry[370 ]. The fronds of the palm are used for thatching[370 ]. The leaves are used for making walls and baskets[317 , 768 ]. The hair-like fibres of the leaves are used to produce ropes for the navy[317 ]. The spine-like fibres of the leaf sheath are made into darts for the blowpipe[317 , 768 ]. A dark blue dye is obtained from the fruit[317 ]. The wood is utilized for the manufacture of bows and arrow points[317 ]. The trunks are exploited for construction[317 , 768 ]. The wood of the stem is split and used for floors, and for other construction needs[355 ].
Special Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
A plant of low to moderate elevations in the humid tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 1,350 metres[314 , 370 ]. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 21 - 28°c, but can tolerate 17 - 32°c[418 ]. When dormant, the plant can survive temperatures down to about 5°c[418 ]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 2,000 - 4,000mm, but tolerates 1,500 - 6,300mm[418 ]. Requires a sunny position and a moist soil[314 ]. Very young plants require a shady position, becoming more light-demanding as they grow older[418 ]. Tolerates Prefers a pH in the range 4.8 - 5.5, tolerating 4.3 - 6.5[418 ].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
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Plant Propagation
Seed - requires a shady position[418 ].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Seje, Chapil, Trupa, Milpesos, Ungurai, Aricagua, Ungurahui, Kunkuk', Patawa, Turu, Komboe, Yagua, Aricagua, Isa, Batawa, Jagua, Mille pesos, Palma de leche, Palma patavona, Majo, Gindoru, Dudiba, Seje ungurahuay, Ungurabi, Koanarima si,patawa, sehe, hungurahua (Ecuador) or mingucha (Oenocarpus bataua or Jessenia bataua)[1-4].
Native Range
SOUTHERN AMERICA: Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad), Panama (east), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia), Bolivia (El Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz), Colombia (Meta, Caquetá, Putumayo, Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés, Vichada, Guaviare), Ecuador (Morona Santiago, Napo), Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Martín)
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
None Known
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Mart.
Botanical References
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.
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Subject : Oenocarpus_bataua
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