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Ephedra trifurca - Torr.

Common Name Longleaf Jointfir
Family Ephedraceae
USDA hardiness 7-10
Known Hazards Tea should still be used in moderation, even though this is one of the better-tasting species. Avoid gathering from contaminated roadsides or treated land.
Habitats Dry sandy and rocky places below 600 metres in Creosote bush scrub, deserts etc[71]. Dry rocky slopes to flat sandy areas at elevations of 500 - 2000 metres[270].
Range South-western N. America - southern California to Texas and Mexico.
Edibility Rating    (2 of 5)
Other Uses    (2 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (2 of 5)
Care (info)
Frost Hardy Well drained soil Moist Soil Full sun
Ephedra trifurca Longleaf Jointfir


G.A. Cooper @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
Ephedra trifurca Longleaf Jointfir
Steven Perkins @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

 

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Summary

Mexican tea, now best referred to as Ephedra trifurca, belongs to the joint-fir family (Ephedraceae) and the genus Ephedra. Common names include Mexican tea and longleaf jointfir. It is an accepted species native from southeastern California to Texas and into northern Mexico and is generally suited to USDA Zones 7–10 in dry climates. Mature shrubs are often about 60–180 cm tall and 90–240 cm across.


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of shrub
Ephedra trifurca is an evergreen Shrub growing to 2 m (6ft) by 2 m (6ft).
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. It is in leaf all year, in flower from March to May. The species is dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

E. intermixta H.C.Cutler. E. trifaria Parl.

Plant Habitats

 Cultivated Beds;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit
Edible Uses: Tea

The stems are the main edible part and are brewed into tea. Seeds are sometimes mentioned as edible in the group, but tea is by far the better and more reliable use [2-3]. Edible Uses & Rating: Mexican tea ranks as a fine beverage plant. As a tea shrub, it is one of the best ephedras. As a seed food, it remains weak and uncertain [2-3]. Taste, Processing & Kitchen Notes: The tea has a distinctive lemon-like flavor, a trace of bitterness, subtle sweetness, and only a faint pine-like background. Boiling softens bitterness and highlights sweetness. Twigs can also be chewed for flavor, though bitterness becomes more noticeable. This is one of the more genuinely enjoyable ephedra teas [2-3]. Seasonality (Phenology): Like the genus generally, it flowers in spring into early summer. Tea stems can be clipped throughout much of the year, but younger green stems make the best beverage. Safety & Cautions (Food Use): Tea should still be used in moderation, even though this is one of the better-tasting species. Avoid gathering from contaminated roadsides or treated land [2-3]. Harvest & Processing Workflow: Clip young twigs with scissors, use fresh or dry them, and steep directly. A brief boil can round out the flavor. Avoid old, bland wood. Cultivar/Selection Notes: There are no food cultivars. Select healthy, leafy, green shrubs with fresh growth. Look-Alikes & Confusion Risks: It resembles other desert ephedras, but the long, useful tea twigs and its range from southeastern California to Texas help distinguish it. Within the genus, confusion mostly affects expected flavor rather than broad food safety [2-3]. Traditional/Indigenous Use Summary: Mexican tea belongs to the long-standing desert tradition of ephedra teas and is among the stronger species in that tradition [2-3]. A tea is made from the branches[177]. Fruit - raw or cooked.

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Diuretic  Kidney  Poultice  Stomachic  VD

The dried and crushed stems are diuretic[238].An infusion has been used in the treatment of venereal disease, stomach complaints and kidney problems[257]. The pulverized or boiled stems were also applied externally as a poultice on syphilitic sores by some native North American Indians[213]. They can also be used as a poultice on other skin sores[257]. Unlike many members of the genus, this species is not very rich in the alkaloid ephedrine and so is not used in the treatment of asthma[238].

References   More on Medicinal Uses

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Other Uses

A structural shrub suitable for desert-native landscapes. Low-water desert gardens. Ecology & Wildlife: It contributes cover and structure in desert shrublands and is part of the wider jointfir component of southwestern arid ecosystems.

Special Uses

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

Mexican tea is one of the best southwestern ephedras for tea. It is not a staple food, but it is a genuinely good desert beverage shrub. Growing Conditions: It prefers full sun, very well-drained desert soils, and warm arid conditions. Habitat & Range: Its native range extends from southeastern California to Texas and into northern Mexico in desert or dry shrubland habitats. ? Size & Landscape Performance: It forms an airy, structural shrub suitable for desert-native landscapes. Cultivation (Horticulture): It should be grown in low-water desert gardens with sharp drainage and little irrigation once established. Pests & Problems: Poor drainage and overwatering are the main problems. Identification & Habit: A green jointed shrub with scale-like leaves and cone-like reproductive structures, typical of ephedras. Pollinators: It is wind-pollinated. Mexican tea, now best referred to as Ephedra trifurca, belongs to the joint-fir family (Ephedraceae) and the genus Ephedra. Common names include Mexican tea and longleaf jointfir. It is an accepted species native from southeastern California to Texas and into northern Mexico and is generally suited to USDA Zones 7–10 in dry climates. Mature shrubs are often about 60–180 cm tall and 90–240 cm across.

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

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Plant Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a greenhouse[200]. It can also be sown in spring in a greenhouse in a sandy compost[K]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on for at least their first winter in a greenhouse. Plant out in the spring or early summer after the last expected frosts and give some protection in their first winter[K]. Division in spring or autumn[238]. Layering.

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Mexican tea and longleaf jointfir. Ephedra intermixta H.C.Cutler. Ephedra trifaria Parl.

Native Range

NORTHERN AMERICA: United States (New Mexico (south), Texas, Arizona (south), California (southeast)), Mexico (Baja California (Norte), Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Sonora (north))

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it's worth checking.

Very low.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Least Concern.

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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

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Botanical References

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