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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Ephedra fragilis is an evergreen Shrub growing to 1.8 m (6ft).
It is hardy to zone (UK) 8. It is in leaf all year. The species is dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). . The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Habitats
Cultivated Beds; South Wall. In. West Wall. In.
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Fruit
Edible Uses:
Fruit - raw. Sweet. The fruit is about 10mm in diameter[200].
References
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antiasthmatic
Members of this genus contain various medicinally active alkaloids (but notably ephedrine) and they are widely used in preparations for the treatment of asthma and catarrh[148, 238]. The whole plant can be used at much lower concentrations than the isolated constituents - unlike using the isolated ephedrine, using the whole plant rarely gives rise to side-effects[254]. The plant also has antiviral effects, particularly against influenza[238]. The stems are a pungent, bitter, warm herb that dilates the bronchial vessels whilst stimulating the heart and central nervous system[148, 238]. The stems are also diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, hypertensive, nervine, pectoral, tonic, vasoconstrictor and vasodilator[165, 176, 238]. They are used internally in the treatment of asthma, hay fever and allergic complaints[238]. They are also combined with a number of other herbs and used in treating a wide range of complaints[238]. This herb should be used with great caution, preferably under the supervision of a qualified practitioner[238]. It should not be prescribed to patients who are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or suffering from high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism or glaucoma[238]. Ephedrine is seen as a performance-boosting herb and, as such, is a forbidden substance in many sporting events such as athletics[K]. The stems can be harvested at any time of the year and are dried for later use[238].
References
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Edible Shrubs provides detailed information, attractively presented, on over 70 shrub species. They have been selected to provide a mix of different plant sizes and growing conditions. Most provide delicious and nutritious fruit, but many also have edible leaves, seeds, flowers, stems or roots, or they yield edible or useful oil.
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Other Uses
References
Cultivation details
Requires a well-drained loamy soil and a sunny position[11]. Established plants are drought resistant and are also lime tolerant[200]. Plants are not very hardy in Britain, tolerating a few degrees of frost[200]. The report on medicinal uses refers specifically to E. fragilis campylopoda. (C.A.Meyer.)Ascherson.&Graebner. This plant is growing outdoors at Kew, probably planted in 1968, and seems to be perfectly hardy[K]. It is said to come from N. Asia which is rather confusing since the report on medicinal uses is dealing with native plants of Greece[K]. Dioecious. Male and female plants must be grown if seed is required.
References
Temperature Converter
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The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs.
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Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a greenhouse[200]. It can also be sown in spring in a greenhouse in a sandy compost[K]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on for at least their first winter in a greenhouse. Plant out in the spring or early summer after the last expected frosts and give some protection in their first winter[K]. Division in spring or autumn[238]. Layering.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Found In
Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Ephedra altissima | High-climbing jointfir | Shrub | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 3 | |
| Ephedra americana andina | | Shrub | 1.8 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | |
| Ephedra ciliata | | Shrub | 0.2 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 3 | |
| Ephedra distachya | Sea Grape, Jointfir | Shrub | 1.0 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 4 | |
| Ephedra equisetina | Muzei Ma Huang, Ma huang | Shrub | 1.5 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 4 | |
| Ephedra gerardiana | Ma Huang, Gerard jointfir | Shrub | 0.6 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 4 | |
| Ephedra intermedia | Zhong Ma Huang | Shrub | 1.0 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 4 | |
| Ephedra major | Ma Huang | Shrub | 2.0 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 4 | |
| Ephedra nevadensis | Mormon Tea, Nevada jointfir | Shrub | 1.2 |
5-9
| | LM | N | DM | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Ephedra pachyclada | | Shrub | 0.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | |
| Ephedra sinica | Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra | Shrub | 0.4 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 4 | |
| Ephedra torreyana | Mexican Tea, Torrey's jointfir | Shrub | 1.0 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | |
| Ephedra triandra | | Shrub | 0.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 3 | |
| Ephedra trifurca | Longleaf Jointfir | Shrub | 2.0 |
-
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 2 | |
| Ephedra viridis | Mormon Tea, Brigham Tea, Long Leaf Ephedra, Mountain Joint Fir, Mormon Tea, Ephedra | Shrub | 1.8 |
6-11
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 3 | |
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Desf.
Botanical References
50200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
Readers comment
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Subject : Ephedra fragilis
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