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Summary
Brazilian bluewood is a spiny desert shrub or small tree native to southern Texas and adjacent regions of northeastern Mexico. Despite its misleading common name, it does not occur in Brazil or South America. The species produces black, glossy, berry-like drupes that are reported to be sweet and palatable, making it one of the few genuinely good fruit-producing members of the Condalia genus. Compared to bitter snakewood, Brazilian bluewood represents a high-quality food species within an otherwise inconsistent and taxonomically confusing genus. Fruit production occurs in summer, and when present, the fruits offer meaningful foraging value. The plant’s dense spines and rigid branching structure still complicate harvesting, but the fruit quality itself makes the effort worthwhile where populations occur.
Physical Characteristics

Condalia hookeri is a SHRUB growing to 3 m (9ft) by 3 m (9ft).
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs).
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
C. obovata. Hook.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Sunny Edge;
Edible Uses
Sweet, edible desert fruit with good foraging value. Limited by geographic range and harvesting difficulty, but high quality where available [2-3]. Edible Uses & Rating: The fruits are edible fresh or cooked and are reported to be sweet and palatable. Within the Condalia genus, Brazilian bluewood ranks as a high-value fruit species, contrasting sharply with bitter-fruited relatives. When fruiting is successful, the plant provides a meaningful wild fruit resource for foragers in its limited geographic range [2-3]. Taste, Processing & Kitchen Notes: The fruits are described as sweet, fleshy, and pleasant when ripe. The thin flesh surrounds a hard stone containing the seed. Fruits can be eaten fresh or cooked. Cooking softens the flesh and allows separation from the pits. The fruits can be simmered into broths, preserves, or fruit pastes, though traditional culinary documentation is limited. Unlike other Condalia species, bitterness is not a dominant trait in this species [2-3]. Seasonality (Phenology): Flowers appear in spring. Fruits develop through early summer and ripen during the summer months. Fruiting is seasonal and climate-dependent, with best production in favorable rainfall years. Safety & Cautions (Food Use): No toxicity issues are documented for the fruits. Standard foraging precautions apply. Physical injury risk from spines is significant. Harvest & Processing Workflow: Fruits are best harvested by placing tarps beneath trees and dislodging ripe fruits using sticks to avoid hand injuries. Only fully ripe fruits detach easily. Fruits can be eaten fresh or boiled to separate flesh from pits [2-3]. Cultivar / Selection Notes: No cultivars exist. Look-Alikes & Confusion Risks: Other Condalia species closely resemble Brazilian bluewood. Accurate identification depends on leaf shape, fruit sweetness, and geographic range. Bitter snakewood and knifeleaf condalia are common sources of confusion. Traditional / Indigenous Use Summary: Ethnobotanical documentation is limited, but the fruit is historically recognized as edible. It appears to have had localized food value in regions where it occurs. Fruit - raw or cooked[149, 257]. Sweet and fleshy with a pleasant sweet flavour, it is mainly used for making jellies[82, 149, 274]. The fruit has been boiled, then strained and the juice boiled again to make a syrup[257].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
None known
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
A blue dye is obtained from the wood[149, 274]. Wood - very heavy, hard, dense, close-grained[82, 149]. The dense heartwood is a brilliant red colour and has been used to make ornamental objects[274]. It burns with an intense heat and is valued as a fuel[82, 149]. The dense thorny structure provides nesting and shelter for birds and small mammals. Fruits likely serve as wildlife food in productive years. Brazilian bluewood is not cultivated for food and remains a wild desert species. It has potential value for native edible landscaping in arid environments but is limited by its spiny form and harvesting difficulty.
Special Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Brazilian bluewood is one of the few genuinely valuable fruit-producing species within the Condalia genus. Where it occurs, it offers a sweet, edible desert fruit with real foraging potential. Its limited range and spiny structure reduce accessibility, but fruit quality makes it a meaningful resource in its native region. Growing Conditions: Brazilian bluewood grows in arid and semi-arid environments, primarily along washes and desert drainage systems. It thrives in sandy, rocky soils with low fertility and minimal water availability, relying on deep root systems and drought tolerance. Habitat & Range: This species is found primarily in southern Texas and southward into northeastern Mexico, especially in the state of Tamaulipas. It is associated with the Chihuahuan Desert region and desert wash habitats. Size & Landscape Performance: Plants typically reach 3–9 meters in height, forming small desert trees or large shrubs. Dense spines and woody growth make the species structurally dominant but difficult to access. Cultivation (Horticulture): Brazilian bluewood is not cultivated for food and remains a wild desert species. It has potential value for native edible landscaping in arid environments but is limited by its spiny form and harvesting difficulty. Pests & Problems: Fruits may be damaged by insects, and dense spines complicate harvesting. Fruit production is not consistent year to year. Pollination: Likely insect-pollinated, though flowers are small and inconspicuous. Identification & Habit: Brazilian bluewood grows as a spiny shrub or small tree with a rigid, woody structure and dense branching. The plant forms thorny frameworks that deter herbivores and make physical access difficult. Leaves are simple, egg-shaped to broadly obovate, and occur alternately or in clusters along short branches. The plant presents a more tree-like form than many desert shrubs, often developing a single main trunk with multiple spiny lateral branches. Its overall architecture is upright, woody, and defensive. FAMILY: Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) – Condalia genus. COMMON NAMES: Brazilian bluewood. HARDINESS / RANGE: Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Chihuahuan Desert region). GROWTH FORM: Spiny shrub or tree, 3–9 m tall.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
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Plant Propagation
Propagation occurs through seed. Natural regeneration is slow and dependent on favorable rainfall patterns.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Edwards' b.luewood. Brazilian bluewood
Native Range
US. USA. Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Texas.
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it's worth checking.
Not invasive. It is a native desert species with restricted regional distribution.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Least Concern.
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
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Expert comment
Author
M.C.Johnston.
Botanical References
149274
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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Subject : Condalia hookeri
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