The seeds are the primary edible part and were once a staple food for Native Americans in the Great Basin. They are small, brown, and nutritious, with a mild whole-grain flavor lacking the musty character of many goosefoot relatives. Seeds mature from August to December and can be collected in large quantities by gently tapping the brittle, dried stem tips. Processing is relatively straightforward: the papery capsules crumble away and the seeds can be winnowed free. Seeds can be toasted, boiled, or ground into flour, and were traditionally made into porridges, flatbreads, or seed cakes. They remain one of the most important ancient desert grains [2-3]. The young stem tips are also edible raw or cooked, but they are extremely salty and contain oxalic acid. They should be eaten only in moderation and preferably boiled to reduce saltiness and potential irritation. Older stems become woody and unsuitable. In addition to food use, dried stem tips can be chopped and used as a salty seasoning substitute[2-3]. Seasonality (Phenology): Evergreen to semi-evergreen; fleshy growth most active in warm seasons. Flowering and seed set typically occur late summer to autumn. Harvest & Processing Workflow: If used, pinch young green tips only, blanch in fresh water, taste-test cautiously, and use strictly as a garnish/condiment, never a bulk vegetable. Look-Alikes & Confusion Risks: May be confused with glassworts/samphires (Salicornia, Sarcocornia), which are more commonly eaten but share similar salt issues. Accurate ID helps track ecological vs culinary expectations. Traditional/Indigenous Use Summary: Better documented as a fuel, habitat, and landscape plant; any consumption was likely minor and situational.

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None Known

An ecological specialist and restoration asset. Forms compact, durable shrubs, excellent for extreme-salinity reclamation. Traditional/Indigenous Use Summary: Better documented as a fuel, habitat, and landscape plant; any consumption was likely minor and situational. Ecology & Wildlife: Provides cover and structure for small mammals and birds on otherwise barren flats. Its seeds and associated invertebrates offer food resources. It contributes to salt and water table dynamics. Pollination is likely largely wind-mediated, with minor insect visitation.

Special Uses