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Now available: Food Forest Plants for Mediterranean Conditions 350+ Perennial Plants For Mediterranean and Drier Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens. [Paperback and eBook]

This is the third in Plants For A Future's series of plant guides for food forests tailored to specific climate zones. Following volumes on temperate and tropical ecosystems, this book focuses on species suited to Mediterranean conditions—regions with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, often facing the added challenge of climate change.

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Mediterranean Food Forest Book
Index of Common Names: O
Latin NameCommon NameHabitHeightHardinessGrowthSoilShadeMoistureEdibleMedicinalOther
Abelmoschus esculentusOkraAnnual1.0 5-11  LMHNM432
Acer macrophyllumOregon Maple, Bigleaf maple, Oregon MapleTree30.0 5-9 FLMHSNM313
Achnatherum hymenoidesIndian Millet, Indian ricegrassPerennial0.6 7-10  LMHNM403
Aesculus glabraOhio Buckeye, Fetid BuckeyeTree20.0 4-7 MLMHSNM213
Allium cepaOnion, Garden onionBulb0.6 4-10 MLMNM533
Allium unifoliumOne-Leaved OnionBulb0.6 7-10  LMNDM321
Aloysia wrightiiOreganillo, Sonoran BeebrushShrub3.0 8-10 MLMNDM102
Amelanchier bartramianaOblongfruit serviceberryShrub3.0 4-8  LMHSNM300
Anacamptis pyramidalisPyramidal OrchidPerennial0.3 5-9  LMHNDM21 
Asclepias ovalifoliaOval-leaf milkweedPerennial0.6 5-9  LMSNDM203
Asphodelus fistulosusOnionweedAnnual/Perennial0.6 7-10  LMSNDM210
Atriplex hortensisOrach, Garden oracheAnnual1.8 5-9 FLMNM423
Atriplex truncataWedgescale SaltbushAnnual0.5 4-9  LMNDM304
Avena ludovicianaOatsAnnual0.0 -  LMHNDM202
Avena sativaOats, Common oatAnnual0.9 3-10  LMHNDM334
Balsamorhiza sagittataOregon Sunflower, Arrowleaf balsamrootPerennial0.3 3-8  LMNDM322
Bambusa odashimaeOdashimae BambooBamboo15.0 9-12 FLMHSNM400
Bauhinia purpureaOrchid Tree, Purple Butterfly Tree, Mountain Ebony, Geranium Tree, Purple BauhiniaTree10.0 9-12 FLMSNM224
Buddleia globosaOrange Ball TreeShrub5.0 6-9  LMHNM01 
Castanea ozarkensisOzark ChinkapinTree18.0 5-9  LMHSNDM301
Ceanothus sanguineusOregon Tea Tree, Redstem ceanothusShrub2.0 4-8  LMSNDM212
Celastrus orbiculatusOriental BittersweetClimber12.0 4-8 FLMFSNM121
Celtis tournefortiiOriental hackberryTree8.0 6-9  LMNDM20 
Cephalostachyum pergracileTinwa BambooBamboo10.0 10-12 SLMHSNM303
Chenopodium glaucumOak-Leaved GoosefootAnnual0.3 -  LMHNM201
Chenopodium overiOver's goosefootAnnual0.8 0-0  LMHNM201
Clematis orientalisOriental virginsbowerClimber4.0 5-9  LMHSNM011
Cornus oblongaOblong-Petal DogwoodTree6.0 8-11  LMHSNM032
Cotoneaster franchetiiOrange cotoneasterShrub3.0 5-9  LMHFSNDM103
Crassocephalum crepidioidesOkinawa Spinach, Redflower Ragleaf, FireweedPerennial0.8 10-12 FLMFSNM422
Cucumis melo chitoOrange MelonAnnual Climber1.5 9-11  LMHNM32 
Dactylorhiza incarnataMarsh OrchidBulb0.3 6-9  LMHSNM22 
Dactylorhiza maculataSpotted OrchidBulb0.6 4-8  LMHSNM22 
Datura quercifoliaOak Leaf Datura, Chinese thorn-appleAnnual1.5 7-10  LMNDM130
Edgeworthia chrysanthaOriental paperbushShrub2.0 7-10  LMHSNM012
Elaeagnus angustifoliaOleaster, Russian oliveShrub7.0 2-7 FLMHNDM424
Erodium malacoidesOval Heron's BillAnnual/Biennial0.0 -  LMNDM201
Erythrophleum ivorenseOrdealtree, sasswoodtreeTree30.0 10-12 MLMHNM134
Fagus orientalisOriental BeechTree20.0 4-8 MLMFSNDM20 
Fortunella margaritaOval KumquatShrub3.0 7-10 SLMHNM303
Fouquieria splendensOcotillo. Coach whipShrub6.0 8-11 MLMHND223
Fraxinus latifoliaOregon AshTree20.0 5-9  LMHNM013
Fraxinus ornusManna Ash, Flowering ashTree9.0 5-6 SLMHNDM33 
Gymnadenia conopseaFragrant OrchidBulb0.3 6-9  LMHSNM22 
Helenium hoopesiiOwls Claws, Orange SneezeweedPerennial0.9 4-8 MLMHSNM111
Hymenoxys hoopesiiOwls ClawsPerennial0.9 4-10  LMHNM110
Ilex integraMochi TreeTree6.0 6-9  LMHSNM10 
Iris germanica florentinaOrris, Orris-rootPerennial0.9 5-10 MLMSNM133
Isodon inflexus Perennial0.6 -  LMHSNM10 
Juglans olanchanaOlancho walnut, Central American walnutTree45.0 10-12 MLMHSNMWe203
Juniperus monospermaOne-Seed JuniperTree18.0 4-8 MLMHNDM323
Lespedeza formosaOriental lespedezaShrub2.0 5-9  LMNM003
Leucanthemum vulgareOx-Eye Daisy, MargueritePerennial0.6 3-9 MLMHNM222
Licania rigidaOiticicaTree12.0 10-12 MLMHSNMWe003
Ligusticum canbyiOshaPerennial1.2 3-6 MLMHFSM302
Lilium speciosumOriental LilyBulb1.2 4-9 MLMSNM21 
Liquidambar orientalisOriental Sweet GumTree10.0 7-10 SLMHSNM232
Lonicera ciliosaOrange HoneysuckleClimber10.0 4-8 MLMHSNM222
Maclura pomiferaOsage Orange, Bois D'ArcTree15.0 4-9 MLMHNDM124
Macromeria viridifloraGiant Trumpets, Thurber's giant-trumpetsPerennial0.9 6-9  LMHNDM011
Mahonia aquifoliumOregon Grape, Hollyleaved barberry, Oregon Holly Grape, Oregon HollyShrub2.0 4-8 FLMHFSNDM333
Mahonia nervosaOregon Grape, Cascade barberryShrub0.6 5-9 MLMHFSNDM323
Malus fuscaOregon Crab, Oregon crab appleTree12.0 5-9 SLMHSNM322
Matteuccia orientalis Fern0.6 4-8  LMHSM10 
Matteuccia pensylvanicaOstrich FernFern0.6 -  LMHSM20 
Matteuccia struthiopterisOstrich FernFern1.0 2-7 MLMHSM212
Mertensia maritimaOyster PlantPerennial0.2 3-7  LMNDM30 
Mertensia oblongifoliaOblongleaf bluebellsPerennial0.3 4-8  LMHSNMWe10 
Microtis unifoliaOnion-Leaf OrchisPerennial0.5 8-11  LMHSNM10 
Milicia regiaOroko, IrokoTree30.0 10-12 FLMNM225
Mirabilis nyctagineaWild Four O'clock Plant, Heartleaf four o'clockPerennial1.0 7-10  LMHSNM020
Nerium oleanderOleander, Rose BayShrub4.0 9-11 FMHNDM023
Nyssa ogecheOgeechee Lime, Ogeechee tupeloTree15.0 0-0  LMHSNMWe202
Ocimum basilicumSweet Basil, Common Basil, Thai Basil, Tropical BasilPerennial0.5 9-11 FLMNM432
Ocotea kenyensisTransvaal stinkwood, stinkhoutTree20.0 10-12 FLMHNM024
Oemleria cerasiformisOso Berry, Indian plumShrub2.5 5-9  LMHSM21 
Oenanthe aquaticaWater Dropwort, Fineleaf waterdropwortPerennial1.5 0-0  LMHNWeWa02 
Oenanthe javanicaWater Dropwort, Java waterdropwort, Stolon waterdropwortPerennial1.0 5-11  LMHNWeWa323
Oenanthe peucidanifolia Perennial1.0 -  LMHNWe10 
Oenocarpus distichusPataua, Bacaba, White bacabaTree8.0 10-12 SLMHNM322
Oenothera biennisEvening Primrose, Sun Drop, Common evening primroseBiennial1.2 4-8  LMNDM353
Oenothera elata hookeriHooker's Evening PrimroseBiennial/Perennial0.8 6-9  LMNDM212
Oenothera glaziovianaLarge-Flower Evening Primrose, Redsepal evening primroseBiennial1.5 3-7  LMNDM22 
Oenothera lamarckiana Biennial1.0 -  LMNDM10 
Oenothera odorata Perennial0.9 4-8  LMNDM102
Okoubaka aubrevilleiOkoubaka treeTree23.0 10-12 MLMHNDM042
Olea europaeaOlive, African olive, European oliveTree10.0 8-10 SLMHNDM434
Olearia avicenniifoliaAkeakeShrub3.0 7-10  LMNM002
Olearia paniculata Shrub6.0 8-11  LMHNM003
Onobrychis viciifoliaSainfoinPerennial1.0 5-9  LMNM104
Ononis repensRest Harrow, Common restharrowPerennial0.6 5-9  LMHNDM21 
Ononis spinosaSpiny Rest HarrowPerennial0.6 5-9  LMHNDM223
Onosma echioidesOnosmaPerennial0.3 6-9  LMNDM011
Ophrys holosericaLate Spider OrchidPerennial0.6 5-9  LMHSNDM22 
Ophrys insectiferaFly OrchidPerennial0.5 5-9  LMHSNM22 
Ophrys sphegodesEarly Spider OrchidPerennial0.5 5-9  LMHSNM22 
Opopanax chironiumOpopanaxPerennial1.8 5-9  LMHNDM012
Opuntia compressaEastern Prickly Pear, Prickly Pear CactusPerennial0.2 8-10 FLMND312
Opuntia engelmanniiEngelmann’s Prickly PearShrub2.5 8-11 FLMHNDM322
Opuntia imbricataTree CholaPerennial3.0 8-11  LMND202
Opuntia ramosissimaBranched Pencil ChollaPerennial0.6 7-10  LMND302
Opuntia robustaWheel CactusShrub2.0 9-11 MLMNDM402
Opuntia tomentosaVelvet prickly pear, Woollyjoint PricklypearPerennial4.5 9-12 MLMNDM303
Orchis italica Bulb0.3 4-8  LMHNM22 
Orchis laxifloraMarsh OrchisBulb0.8 4-8  LMHNMWe22 
Origanum majoranaSweet MarjoramPerennial0.6 6-9 FLMHSNDM333
Origanum vulgareOregano, Pot MarjoramPerennial0.6 4-10 MLMHSNDM435
Ornithogalum narbonenseStar Of BethlehemBulb0.4 6-9  LMHSNM10 
Orobanche unifloraOneflowered broomrapePerennial0.3 0-0  LMHSNM11 
Oryza longistaminataPerennial wild ricePerennial1.5 10-12 FLMHNMWeWa202
Oryza sativaRice, Common RiceAnnual1.8 10-12 FLMHNMWeWa522
Oryzopsis asperifoliaMountain Rice, Roughleaf ricegrassPerennial0.5 0-0  LMHNM30 
Osmanthus fragransFragrant OliveShrub6.0 8-11  LMHSNM222
Osmanthus heterophyllusHolly Olive, Holly osmanthus, Chinese Holly, Holly Tea Olive, False HollyShrub4.0 6-9 SLMHSNM003
Osmanthus x burkwoodii Shrub3.0 5-9 SLMHSNM003
Osmunda claytonianaInterrupted FernFern0.5 3-7  LMHSNMWe21 
Osteomeles schwerinae Shrub2.0 7-10  LMHNDM10 
Osteomeles subrotunda Shrub2.0 7-10  LMHNDM10 
Ostrya virginianaIronwood, Hophornbeam, Hop Hornbeam American, Hop Hornbeam EasternTree15.0 3-9 SLMHSNM012
Oxalis corniculataYellow Sorrel, Creeping woodsorrelAnnual/Perennial0.1 4-8  LMHNDM221
Oxalis corymbosaLilac Oxalis, Pink woodsorrelPerennial0.2 7-10  LMHNDM20 
Oxalis europaea Annual/Perennial0.4 -  LMNDM20 
Oxalis grandisGreat Yellow WoodsorrelAnnual/Perennial0.2 5-7 FLMHFSM211
Oxalis magellanica Perennial0.0 5-9  LMSNDM20 
Oxalis pes-capraeBermuda ButtercupPerennial0.2 8-11  LMNDM20 
Oxalis strictaYellow Wood Sorrel, Common yellow oxalis, Common Yellow Wood Sorrel, OxalisAnnual0.3 0-0 FLMNDM211
Oxalis triangularisOxalisPerennial0.2 10-11 MLMSNDM30 
Oxalis tuberosaOcaPerennial0.5 6-9  LMNM50 
Panicum capillareOld Witch Grass, WitchgrassAnnual0.6 4-8  LMHNM211
Papaver orientaleOriental PoppyPerennial1.0 3-9 MLMNDM11 
Papaver somniferumOpium PoppyAnnual0.6 0-0  LMHNM442
Pelargonium quercifoliumOak-Leaved GeraniumShrub1.5 8-11  LMNDM023
Photinia villosaOriental photiniaShrub5.0 4-8  LMHSNM102
Phyllostachys sulphureaOugon-Kouchiku, Sulphur bambooBamboo6.0 6-9  LMHSNDM001
Pinus oocarpaOocarpa Pine, Pino amarilloTree20.0 10-12 FLMNDM123
Platanus orientalisOriental Plane, Oriental planetreeTree30.0 6-9 FLMHNM022
Podocarpus neriifoliusOleander Podocarp, Brown PineTree25.0 9-12 MLMHSNM224
Polygonum longisetumOriental lady's thumbAnnual0.5 0-0  LMHSNMWe10 
Potentilla simplexOld Field Cinquefoil, Common cinquefoilPerennial0.1 3-7  LMHSNM010
Primula elatiorOxlipPerennial0.3 3-7  MHFSM22 
Prunus lannesianaOshima CherryTree0.0 -  LMHSNM211
Pyrularia puberaOil Nut, Buffalo nutShrub3.5 4-8  LMHSM11 
Quercus alienaOriental White OakTree20.0 4-8  MHSNM222
Quercus garryanaOregon White Oak, Garry OakTree18.0 7-9 SMHSNM223
Quercus lyrataOvercup OakTree30.0 5-9 SMHSNM323
Raphanus sativus nigerOriental RadishAnnual0.5 2-11 FLMHSNM433
Rauvolfia serpentinaRauwolfia, Ajmaline, Java devil-pepperShrub1.5 10-12 MLMHSNM040
Reutealis trispermaOtaheite Walnut, Lumbang TreeTree12.0 9-12 FLMHNM024
Rhynchoryza subulataArroz bravoPerennial0.3 9-12 FLMHNMWe300
Ribes pinetorumOrange GooseberryShrub0.0 5-9  LMHNM300
Ribes quercetorumOak GooseberryShrub1.0 7-9 FLMHSNM200
Rubus laciniatusOregon Cut-Leaf Blackberry, Cutleaf blackberryShrub2.5 4-8 FLMHSNM501
Salix viminalisOsier. Basket WillowTree6.0 4-8 FLMHNMWe123
Sedum kamtschaticumOrange stonecrop, Kamschataka Sedum, Kamschataka StonecropPerennial0.1 4-10 MLMHNDM122
Sedum oreganumOregon stonecropPerennial0.2 5-9  LMHNDM102
Sedum telephiumOrpinePerennial0.5 4-8  LMHFSNDM12 
Senefeldera verticillataSenefelderaTree12.0 10-12 FLMHNM004
Solanum simileOondorooShrub2.0 8-11  LMHNDM122
Solidago nemoralisOld-Field Goldenrod, Gray goldenrodPerennial0.3 0-0  LMHSNDM111
Solidago rigidaStiff Goldenrod, Flat Topped Goldenrod, Stiff GoldenrodPerennial1.2 3-9 FLMHSNM022
Swertia bimaculata Annual/Biennial0.6 6-9  LMHSNM10 
Talinum aurantiacumOrange FlameflowerPerennial0.4 -  LMHSNM10 
Taraxacum obovatumObovate Leaved DandelionPerennial0.2 4-10  LMHSNM200
Telfairia pedataOysternutClimber20.0 10-12 FLMHSNM422
Terminalia kaernbachiiOkari NutTree20.0 10-12 FLMHNM502
Thymus vulgarisCommon Thyme, Garden thyme, Wild ThymeShrub0.2 5-11 MLMNDM435
Touchardia latifoliaOlonaShrub2.0 10-12 SLMHFSMWe004
Trigonotis icumae Perennial0.2 -  LMHSNM10 
Ullucus tuberosusOllucoPerennial0.3 8-10  LMNM300
Uvularia sessilifoliaBellwort, Sessileleaf bellwortPerennial0.3 4-8 FLMFSM21 
Vaccinium erythrocarpumSouthern Mountain CranberryShrub1.5 5-9  LMSNM300
Vaccinium macrocarponAmerican Cranberry, CranberryShrub0.2 0-0 MLMSNMWe314
Vaccinium oxycoccosSmall CranberryShrub0.1 0-0 FLMSNMWe412
Vicia articulataOne-Flower VetchAnnual0.6 -  LMHSNM103
Vicia nipponica Perennial0.8 -  LMHSNM10 
Vicia venosa Perennial0.8 -  LMHSNM10 
Weigela floridaOldfashioned weigela, Rose Weigela, Old Fashioned WeigelaShrub3.0 4-8 MLMHSNM003
Yucca whippleiOur Lord's CandleShrub2.0 7-11 SLMHSDM303

Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water. Rating: 1 = Minor 5 = Great.

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