Category Perennial

Fertile and sandy soils by the seashore and along river banks. Love

Dry grassland, rocky and stony places, usually on limestone. Love

Swamps, wet thickets and shores. Love

Moist rich soils in woodlands, usually on calcareous soils. Understorey of deciduous (rarely coniferous) forests from sea level to 1300 metres. Love

Rich mountain woods. Acidic soils, often along creeks beneath Rhododendron maximum , deciduous or mixed deciduous-conifer forests at elevations of 400 – 1300 metres. Love

Forest floors full to part shade. Love

Sand dunes and coastal cliffs, C. and N. Japan. Naturalized on sand near Marazion in Cornwall. Love

By rivers and streams. Grassland and arid steppe. Love

Dry prairies, plains and rocks to 3300 metres in N. America. Love

Arable land, waste ground and by streams, favouring slightly damp positions. Love

Moist, shady, rocky woods. Love

Rich woodlands and thickets. Love

Thickets and thin woods, esp. by streams and ravines, all over Japan. Love

Mountain rocks and dry sites. Love

Not known Love