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Summary
A dense, blue-gray pyramid. The oil-rich seed has a delicious flavour. Seed are eaten raw or cooked and are valued as a food. Bloom Color: Purple, Red, Yellow. Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Columnar, Pyramidal.
Physical Characteristics
Pinus cembra is an evergreen Tree growing to 15 m (49ft) by 6 m (19ft) at a slow rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 4. It is in leaf all year, in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen in September. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid and neutral soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Canopy;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Oil Seed
Edible Uses: Condiment Oil
Seed - raw or cooked[1, 2, 4, 34, 177, 183]. Much valued as a food, the oil-rich seed has a delicious flavour but with a slight flavour of turpentine. A reasonable size, it is about 10mm x 8 mm[200]. An edible drying oil is obtained from the seed[2, 57, 63, 183]. A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[200].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[4]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[4]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[4]. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[4].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Dye Herbicide Oil Resin Wood
Landscape Uses: Screen, Specimen, ornamental. A tan or green dye is obtained from the needles[168]. The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[201]. Turpentine is obtained from the leaves[46, 61]. Oleo-resins are present in the tissues of all species of pines, but these are often not present in sufficient quantity to make their extraction economically worthwhile[64]. The resins are obtained by tapping the trunk, or by destructive distillation of the wood[4, 64]. In general, trees from warmer areas of distribution give the higher yields[64]. Turpentine consists of an average of 20% of the oleo-resin[64] and is separated by distillation[4, 64]. Turpentine has a wide range of uses including as a solvent for waxes etc, for making varnish, medicinal etc[4]. Rosin is the substance left after turpentine is removed. This is used by violinists on their bows and also in making sealing wax, varnish etc[4]. Pitch can also be obtained from the resin and is used for waterproofing, as a wood preservative etc. Wood - soft, easily worked. Used for furniture, turnery etc[46, 61, 100].
Special Uses
Food Forest
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam[1]. Dislikes poorly drained moorland soils[1]. Established plants tolerate drought[200]. Succeeds in most situations, flourishing on N. facing slopes and in moist heavy clay soils[81]. Grows best in the cooler wetter areas of Britain[11, 81]. A very hardy plant tolerating temperatures down to about -30°c[160]. The edible seeds are collected in large numbers in Siberia and are often exported[142]. (This report probably refers to the sub-species P. cembra sibirica.) This species does not appear to be long lived or to produce its cones freely in S. Britain[11]. It does not produce cones until it is 30 years old[200]. The cones take three years to ripen and then fall from the tree with the seeds still inside[120]. The seed is often eaten by squirrels etc before it can fall to the ground. The cones do not open, seed is extracted by breaking up the soft scales of the cone[200]. Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[200]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[200]. Slow growing in cultivation[81, 120], plants usually make less than 30 cm increase in height per year even when young[185]. Leaf secretions inhibit the germination of seeds, thereby inhibiting the growth of other plants below the tree[18]. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[200]. Special Features:Not North American native, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 7 through 1. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures.
Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat.
The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C).
At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days).
For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a standard with a non-suckering single trunk [1-2]. An evergreen.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
It is best to sow the seed in individual pots in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe if this is possible otherwise in late winter. A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed[80]. Plant seedlings out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and protect them for their first winter or two[11]. Plants have a very sparse root system and the sooner they are planted into their permanent positions the better they will grow[K]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm[200]. We actually plant them out when they are about 5 - 10cm tall. So long as they are given a very good weed-excluding mulch they establish very well[K]. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[200]. Cuttings. This method only works when taken from very young trees less than 10 years old. Use single leaf fascicles with the base of the short shoot. Disbudding the shoots some weeks before taking the cuttings can help. Cuttings are normally slow to grow away[81].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Germany (south), Poland (southwest), Slovakia (east), Ukraine (west), Italy (north), Romania, France (southeast),
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
|
| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Acinos alpinus | Alpine Calamint | Perennial | 0.5 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 1 | |
| Carpinus betulus | Hornbeam, European hornbeam, Common Hornbeam, European Hornbeam | Tree | 25.0 |
5-7
| M | LMH | FSN | M | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Carpinus caroliniana | American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Ironwood, American Hornbeam | Tree | 12.0 |
3-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Carpinus cordata | | Tree | 15.0 |
4-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Carpinus laxiflora | | Tree | 15.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Lupinus albus | White Lupin | Annual | 1.2 |
0-0
| | LM | N | M | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Lupinus albus graecus | | Annual | 1.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | DM | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus angustifolius | Blue Lupin, Narrowleaf lupine | Annual | 1.0 |
7-9
| | LM | N | M | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Lupinus arboreus | Tree Lupin, Yellow bush lupine | Shrub | 1.5 |
7-10
| F | LM | N | DM | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Lupinus hirsutus | | Annual | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus littoralis | Seashore Lupine | Perennial | 0.5 |
6-9
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus luteus | Yellow Lupin, European yellow lupine | Annual | 0.6 |
5-9
| | LM | N | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus mutabilis | Pearl Lupin, Tarwi | Annual | 1.5 |
8-11
| | LMH | N | M | 5 | 0 | 4 |
| Lupinus nootkatensis | Blue Lupine, Nootka lupine | Perennial | 0.7 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus perennis | Sundial Lupine | Perennial | 0.6 |
4-8
| | LM | N | DM | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Lupinus polyphyllus | Big-Leaf Lupin, Lupine | Perennial | 1.5 |
5-9
| M | LMH | N | M | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Lupinus tauris | | Shrub | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Lupinus termis | White Lupin | Annual | 1.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Phyllocladus alpinus | Alpine Celery Pine | Shrub | 9.0 |
7-10
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Pinus albicaulis | White-Bark Pine | Tree | 20.0 |
4-8
| S | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus aristata | Bristle-Cone Pine | Tree | 12.0 |
3-10
| S | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pinus armandii | Chinese White Pine, Armand pine | Tree | 15.0 |
6-9
| M | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Pinus ayacahuite | Mexican White Pine | Tree | 55.0 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus banksiana | Jack Pine | Tree | 12.0 |
2-7
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus brutia | Calabrian pine, Turkish pine | Tree | 30.0 |
7-11
| F | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Pinus bungeana | Lace-Bark Pine, Bunge's pine | Tree | 10.0 |
4-7
| S | LM | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus californiarum | | Tree | 10.0 |
8-11
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus caribaea | Caribbean Pine. Caribbean pitch pine | Tree | 30.0 |
10-12
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Pinus cembra sibirica | Siberian Pine | Tree | 30.0 |
1-6
| S | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 3 |
|
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
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