Fodder: Fruit  Management: Standard  Minor Global Crop  Other Systems: Homegarden  Other Systems: Multistrata  Staple Crop: Balanced carb  Staple Crop: Basic Starch

A plant of the humid lowland tropics, growing best at an elevation below 1,000 metres, with a mean annual temperature in the range 24 - 28°c, a mean max temperature of 32 - 35°c, a mean minimum temperature of 16 - 20°c, and a mean annual rainfall in the range 900 - 4,000mm evenly distributed through the year[ 303 ]. Prefers a climate without a dry season, but can tolerate a short dry season[ 525 ]. Jackfruits can grow at higher elevations than the breadfruit and also in cooler and drier climates[ 200 , 303 ]. They can even succeed in warm temperate areas, but they remain small and any fruit is of poor quality[ 200 ]. Trees can bear fruit at latitudes up to 30' from the equator, with good crops up to 25' distant[ 303 ]. Succeeds in a variety of soils[ 296 ]. Prefers a deep, well-drained alluvial soil[ 200 ]. Prefers a pH in the range 5.5 - 7.5, tolerating 4.3 - 8[ 418 ]. Young plants need some shade, but need increasing light levels as they mature[ 200 ]. Mature plants are relatively drought resistant[ 296 ]. Plants have poor drought tolerance[ 418 ]. Slightly more tolerant of cold than breadfruit. There are two main groups of cultivars, one group has soft rinds whilst the other has hard[ 46 ]. Jackfruits produce one of the largest fruits in the world[ 200 ]. The trees have a deep taproot[ 303 ]. Plants can produce their first crop within 3 years of the seed germinating, but 8 years is a more common time[ 296 , 418 ]. Flower and fruit loads are initially low and improve with increasing size and age; trees 2 years old produce about 25 flowers and 3 fruits; trees 5 years old bear as many as 840 flowers, and trees 6 years old 1,500 flowers[ 303 ]. However, only 15-18 fruits develop due to the low production of female spikes (about 0.6-5% of the total number of inflorescences[ 303 ]. Young trees bear more male than female flowers at a ratio of 4:1; production of female flower increases with age. A male-to-female ratio of 2:1 produces 250 fruits per tree, and as the trees ages, fruit productivity declines[ 303 ]. In suitable environments trees bear fruits and flowers throughout the year, but in areas with distinct dry and wet seasons, flowering occurs in the wet season[ 303 ]. In young trees, fruits are usually borne on branches and in older trees, on trunks and roots[ 303 ]. Jackfruit exhibits fairly rapid growth, attaining a height of 3 metres and a canopy diameter of 2 metres at 2 years of age. In 5 years, the tree height reaches 7 metres and the canopy diameter 4 metres; trees 20 years old are about 18 metres, as tree growth slows down with age[ 303 ].

Carbon Farming

• Fodder: Fruit  Fodder from fruiting plants especially trees.
• Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
• Minor Global Crop  These crops are already grown or traded around the world, but on a smaller scale than the global perennial staple and industrial crops, The annual value of a minor global crop is under $1 billion US. Examples include shea, carob, Brazil nuts and fibers such as ramie and sisal.
• Other Systems: Homegarden  Tropical multistrata agroforestry (multi-story combinations of trees, crops, domestic animals in the homestead).
• Other Systems: Multistrata  Multistrata agroforests feature multiple layers of trees often with herbaceous perennials, annual crops, and livestock.
• Staple Crop: Balanced carb  (0-15 percent protein, 0-15 percent oil, with at least one over 5 percent). The carbohydrates are from either starch or sugar. Annuals include maize, wheat, rice, and potato. Perennials include chestnuts, carob, perennial fruits, nuts, cereals, pseudocereals, woody pods, and acorns.
• Staple Crop: Basic Starch  The Carbon Farming Solution. Eric Toensmeier.