|
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Crusier |
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Simonjoan |
Translate this page:
Summary
Bloom Color: Pink, Yellow. Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Oval, Pyramidal.
Physical Characteristics
Pinus monticola is an evergreen Tree growing to 60 m (196ft 10in) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 4. It is in leaf all year, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid and neutral soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Canopy;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Inner bark Seed
Edible Uses: Condiment Gum
Seed - raw or cooked[105, 177]. The oil-rich seed has a resinous flavour. Rather small, the seed is only 5mm long[200]. The seed is up to 9mm long[82, 229]. An edible gummy exudation from the stem is used as a chewing gum[257]. Inner bark - raw or cooked[177, 257]. The inner bark can be dried, ground into a powder and then used as a thickener in soups etc or added to cereals when making bread[257]. The roasted young cones can be eaten[257]. A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[200].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antirheumatic Antiseptic Diuretic Pectoral Poultice Salve TB
The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[4]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[4, 257]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[4, 257]. Externally it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[4]. An infusion of the bark has been used as a blood purifier and in the treatment of stomach disorders and tuberculosis[257]. A decoction of the bark has been used as a wash on cuts and sores[257]. A decoction of the young shoots has been used as a soak in the treatment of rheumatism[257].
References More on Medicinal Uses
The Bookshop: Edible Plant Books
Our Latest books on Perennial Plants For Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens in paperback or digital formats.
Edible Tropical Plants
Food Forest Plants for Hotter Conditions: 250+ Plants For Tropical Food Forests & Permaculture Gardens.
More
Edible Temperate Plants
Plants for Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests & Permaculture Gardens.
More
More Books
PFAF have eight books available in paperback and digital formats. Browse the shop for more information.
Shop Now
Other Uses
Dye Gum Herbicide Wood
A tan or green dye is obtained from the needles[168]. The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[201]. Oleo-resins are present in the tissues of all species of pines, but these are often not present in sufficient quantity to make their extraction economically worthwhile[64]. The resins are obtained by tapping the trunk, or by destructive distillation of the wood[4, 64]. In general, trees from warmer areas of distribution give the higher yields[64]. Turpentine consists of an average of 20% of the oleo-resin[64] and is separated by distillation[4, 64]. Turpentine has a wide range of uses including as a solvent for waxes etc, for making varnish, medicinal etc[4]. Rosin is the substance left after turpentine is removed. This is used by violinists on their bows and also in making sealing wax, varnish etc[4]. Pitch can also be obtained from the resin and is used for waterproofing, as a wood preservative etc. Wood - straight and close-grained, soft, light, not strong, very durable, resistant to shrinking and warping. An important timber tree, it is used in making doors, shelves, flooring, construction etc[46, 61, 82, 171, 229]. The wood has dark knots, making it attractive for panelling[226].
Special Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Landscape Uses:Screen, Specimen. Thrives in a light well-drained sandy or gravelly loam in a sunny position[1, 11]. Dislikes poorly drained moorland soils[1]. Established plants tolerate drought[200]. A fast growing tree, capable of sustaining growth of 75cm per year over a long period of time even when in an unfavourable site. This species establishes very well on severely altered sites such as after a forest fire[229]. Trees on a site 300m above sea level in N. Wales have grown exceptionally well[185]. Girth increases of up to 4cm a year have been recorded[185]. Trees take 30 - 40 years before they produce reliable crops of seeds[229]. Good crops are produced every 2 - 4 years in the wild, with little seed in the intervening years[229]. The cones are 12 - 27cm long and take 2 years to mature[82, 229], they open and shed their seed in late summer and early autumn whilst still attached to the tree[82, 226]. Very susceptible to 'white pine blister rust' this tree should not be planted near Ribes species (currants and gooseberries) because they can transmit the rust(1, 11, 120). Most of the older trees in this country have been killed by the rust. However, it seems that infection only occurs when the trees are young in this country and new plantings in areas isolated from species of Ribes are being made[185]. Plants are also subject to damage by aphis. Trees have a thin bark, which makes them susceptible to forest fires[226]. Plants are strongly outbreeding, self-fertilized seed usually grows poorly[200]. They hybridize freely with other members of this genus[200]. Leaf secretions inhibit the germination of seeds, thereby reducing the amount of plants that can grow beneath the tree[18]. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[200]. Special Features:
Attracts birds, Attractive foliage, North American native, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees,Edible Shrubs, Woodland Gardening, and Temperate Food Forest Plants. Our new book is Food Forest Plants For Hotter Conditions (Tropical and Sub-Tropical).
Shop Now
Plant Propagation
It is best to sow the seed in individual pots in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe if this is possible otherwise in late winter. A short stratification of 6 weeks at 4°c can improve the germination of stored seed[80]. Plant seedlings out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and protect them for their first winter or two[11]. Plants have a very sparse root system and the sooner they are planted into their permanent positions the better they will grow[K]. Trees should be planted into their permanent positions when they are quite small, between 30 and 90cm[200]. We actually plant them out when they are about 5 - 10cm tall. So long as they are given a very good weed-excluding mulch they establish very well[K]. Larger trees will check badly and hardly put on any growth for several years. This also badly affects root development and wind resistance[200]. Cuttings. This method only works when taken from very young trees less than 10 years old. Use single leaf fascicles with the base of the short shoot. Disbudding the shoots some weeks before taking the cuttings can help. Cuttings are normally slow to grow away[81].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: Canada (Alberta (southwest), British Columbia (south)), United States (Idaho, Montana (west), Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada (west))
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
Related Plants
|
Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
Acinos alpinus | Alpine Calamint | Perennial | 0.5 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 1 | |
Carpinus betulus | Hornbeam, European hornbeam, Common Hornbeam, European Hornbeam | Tree | 25.0 |
5-7
| M | LMH | FSN | M | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Carpinus caroliniana | American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Ironwood, American Hornbeam | Tree | 12.0 |
3-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Carpinus cordata | | Tree | 15.0 |
4-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Carpinus laxiflora | | Tree | 15.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Lupinus albus | White Lupin | Annual | 1.2 |
0-0
| | LM | N | M | 4 | 1 | 4 |
Lupinus albus graecus | | Annual | 1.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | DM | 4 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus angustifolius | Blue Lupin, Narrowleaf lupine | Annual | 1.0 |
7-9
| | LM | N | M | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Lupinus arboreus | Tree Lupin, Yellow bush lupine | Shrub | 1.5 |
7-10
| F | LM | N | DM | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Lupinus hirsutus | | Annual | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus littoralis | Seashore Lupine | Perennial | 0.5 |
6-9
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus luteus | Yellow Lupin, European yellow lupine | Annual | 0.6 |
5-9
| | LM | N | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus mutabilis | Pearl Lupin, Tarwi | Annual | 1.5 |
8-11
| | LMH | N | M | 5 | 0 | 4 |
Lupinus nootkatensis | Blue Lupine, Nootka lupine | Perennial | 0.7 |
4-8
| | LMH | N | M | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus perennis | Sundial Lupine | Perennial | 0.6 |
4-8
| | LM | N | DM | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Lupinus polyphyllus | Big-Leaf Lupin, Lupine | Perennial | 1.5 |
5-9
| M | LMH | N | M | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Lupinus tauris | | Shrub | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LM | N | DM | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Lupinus termis | White Lupin | Annual | 1.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Phyllocladus alpinus | Alpine Celery Pine | Shrub | 9.0 |
7-10
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Pinus albicaulis | White-Bark Pine | Tree | 20.0 |
4-8
| S | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus aristata | Bristle-Cone Pine | Tree | 12.0 |
3-10
| S | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Pinus armandii | Chinese White Pine, Armand pine | Tree | 15.0 |
6-9
| M | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Pinus ayacahuite | Mexican White Pine | Tree | 55.0 |
6-9
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus banksiana | Jack Pine | Tree | 12.0 |
2-7
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus brutia | Calabrian pine, Turkish pine | Tree | 30.0 |
7-11
| F | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Pinus bungeana | Lace-Bark Pine, Bunge's pine | Tree | 10.0 |
4-7
| S | LM | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus californiarum | | Tree | 10.0 |
8-11
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus caribaea | Caribbean Pine. Caribbean pitch pine | Tree | 30.0 |
10-12
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus cembra | Swiss Stone Pine, Swiss Pine, Arolla Pine | Tree | 15.0 |
3-9
| S | LMH | SN | DM | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Pinus cembra sibirica | Siberian Pine | Tree | 30.0 |
1-6
| S | LM | N | DM | 4 | 2 | 3 |
|
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Douglas. ex D.Don.
Botanical References
1182200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
Readers comment
Add a comment |
If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below. Only comments or links that are felt to be directly relevant to a plant will be included. If you think a comment/link or information contained on this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your feedback at [email protected]. If you have questions about a plant please use the Forum on this website as we do not have the resources to answer questions ourselves.
* Please note: the comments by website users are not necessarily those held by PFAF and may give misleading or inaccurate information.
To leave a comment please Register or login here All comments need to be approved so will not appear immediately.
Subject : Pinus monticola
|
|
|
|