{"id":1099,"date":"2026-03-03T00:34:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T00:34:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/?p=1099"},"modified":"2026-03-03T00:34:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T00:34:07","slug":"amaranth-amaranthus-ancient-grain-modern-climate-crop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/amaranth-amaranthus-ancient-grain-modern-climate-crop\/","title":{"rendered":"Amaranth (Amaranthus): Ancient Grain, Modern Climate Crop"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Amaranth is both an ancient cultivated grain and a highly nutritious leafy vegetable. Several species of Amaranthus are rated 5\/5 for edibility in the Plants For A Future (PFAF) database. These plants produce protein-rich seeds, mineral-dense greens, and thrive in hot, dry conditions \u2014 making them important crops for climate-resilient agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Takeaway<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-palette-color-5-background-color has-background\">\n<li><strong>Amaranth is a serious crop<\/strong>, not just a weed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Several species \u2014 including <em>Amaranthus cruentus, A. hybridus,<\/em> and <em>A. powellii<\/em> \u2014 score <strong>5\/5 for edibility<\/strong> in the PFAF database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most cultivated amaranths provide <strong>both edible leaves and grain<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeds are high in protein and minerals and contain relatively complete amino acids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many species tolerate <strong>heat, drought, and poor soils<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some species also have documented <strong>traditional medicinal uses<\/strong> (mainly astringent properties).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PFAF\u2019s recent <a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/pfaf-announces-major-southwest-expansion-946-new-and-updated-plants-coming-to-the-database\/\">Southwest Expansion<\/a> added three new Amaranthus species and updated nine more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#cultivated-crop\">Amaranth as a Cultivated Crop<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#family-overview\">The Amaranth Family (Amaranthaceae)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#top-edible-species\">Top 5\/5 Edible Amaranthus Species<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#southwest-species\">Southwest Native Species (PFAF Expansion)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#medicinal-uses\">Medicinal Uses of Amaranthus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#safety\">Safety and Preparation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#climate\">Why Amaranth Matters in a Warming Climate<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#faqs\">FAQs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#glossary\">Glossary<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cultivated-crop\"><strong>1. Amaranth as a Cultivated Crop<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Long before industrial agriculture, amaranth was cultivated in the Americas as a staple grain. Today it is recognised as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <strong>gluten-free pseudo-grain<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A source of <strong>high-quality protein<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rich in iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suitable for hot-season production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike most grains, amaranth offers <strong>dual harvest potential<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Young leaves harvested as spinach-like greens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mature seed heads harvested as grain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This makes it highly efficient in small-scale farming and permaculture systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"family-overview\"><strong>2. The Amaranth Family (Amaranthaceae)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Amaranth belongs to the <span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>family Amaranthaceae<\/strong>, which is adapted to harsh<\/span> environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Important genera include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amaranthus<\/strong> \u2013 annual leafy greens and grain crops<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chenopodium<\/strong> \u2013 goosefoots (including quinoa relatives)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Suaeda<\/strong> \u2013 salt-tolerant coastal and desert plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Allenrolfea<\/strong> \u2013 saline shrublands<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monolepis<\/strong> \u2013 small annuals of dry ground<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Many members:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thrive in heat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tolerate salinity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grow in disturbed soils<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produce abundant seed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top-edible-species\"><strong>3. Top 5\/5 Edible Amaranthus Species (PFAF Rated)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+cruentus\">Amaranthus cruentus<\/a> (Red\/Grain Amaranth)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2b50 Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major cultivated grain species<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaves edible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historically important in Mesoamerica and the Southwest<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+hybridus\">Amaranthus hybridus<\/a> (Slim Amaranth)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2b50 Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excellent leafy vegetable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeds usable as grain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Widely adaptable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+powellii\">Amaranthus powellii<\/a> (Powell\u2019s Amaranth)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2b50 Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tender greens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High-quality grain substitute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Very productive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+retroflexus\">Amaranthus retroflexus<\/a> (Redroot Pigweed)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2b50 Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaves are widely eaten traditionally<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeds versatile and nutritious<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One of the most globally distributed species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+palmeri\">Amaranthus palmeri<\/a> (Palmer\u2019s Amaranth \/ Quelite)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2b50 Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exceptional desert-adapted leafy vegetable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prolific seed producer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"southwest-species\"><strong>4. Southwest Native Species <\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/pfaf-announces-major-southwest-expansion-946-new-and-updated-plants-coming-to-the-database\/\">PFAF Southwest Expansion<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+fimbriatus\">Amaranthus fimbriatus<\/a><\/strong> <br>(Fringed amaranth)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Edibility: <strong>5\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mild leaves<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Desert-adapted<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+acanthochiton\">Amaranthus acanthochiton<\/a><\/strong><br>(Greenstripe amaranth)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Edibility: <strong>2\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historically used by Hopi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rare species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+watsonii\">Amaranthus watsonii<\/a><\/strong><br>(Watson\u2019s amaranth)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Edibility: <strong>3\/5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sandy desert habitats<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limited abundance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"medicinal-uses\"><strong>5. Medicinal Uses of Amaranthus<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Many species have traditional medicinal uses, especially as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Astringents<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digestive support plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>External wound applications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Species documented for medicinal use include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+spinosus\">Amaranthus spinosus<\/a><\/em> (Spiny Amaranth)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+viridis\">Amaranthus viridis<\/a><\/em> (Calalu, Slender amaranth)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/plant.aspx?latinname=amaranthus+hypochondriacus\">Amaranthus hypochondriacus<\/a><\/em> (Prince\u2019s feather)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+tricolor\">Amaranthus tricolor<\/a><\/em> (Chinese spinach \/ Joseph\u2019s coat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/user\/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+retroflexus\">Amaranthus retroflexus<\/a><\/em> (Pigweed, Redroot amaranth, Wild Beet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These uses are traditional and should not replace professional medical advice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"safety\"><strong>6. Safety and Preparation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Leaves may accumulate <strong>nitrates and oxalates<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boiling reduces nitrate levels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeds generally contain lower concentrations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid harvesting from contaminated soils<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In a balanced diet, cultivated amaranth is widely consumed safely worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Cook Grain Amaranth (Basic Method)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What you\u2019ll need<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 cup amaranth grain (cleaned\/rinsed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.5 to 3 cups water (or stock)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pinch of salt (optional)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rinse the grain<\/strong> in a fine sieve to remove dust and reduce bitterness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bring liquid to a boil<\/strong> in a small pot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Add amaranth + salt<\/strong>, stir once, then reduce to a gentle simmer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Simmer 15\u201325 minutes<\/strong>, stirring occasionally.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For porridge: use more water and cook longer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For a thicker \u201cpolenta-style\u201d texture: use less water and cook for a shorter time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rest 5 minutes off the heat<\/strong>, then fluff\/stir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Serve<\/strong> sweet (fruit, cinnamon, honey) or savoury (olive oil, herbs, vegetables).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Amaranth can become slightly gelatinous\u2014this is normal and is part of its classic porridge texture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"climate\"><strong>7. Why Amaranth Matters in a Warming Climate<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Amaranth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thrives in high heat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produces seed quickly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requires relatively modest inputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Offers dual food yields<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Few plant genera combine resilience, nutrition, and flexibility so effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs\"><strong>8. Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Is amaranth a grain or a vegetable?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both. Many species produce edible leaves and edible seeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Which amaranth species are best for food?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the PFAF database, <em>Amaranthus cruentus, A. hybridus,<\/em> and <em>A. powellii<\/em> rate 5\/5 for edibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Are wild pigweeds safe to eat?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many are edible, but proper identification and harvesting from clean soil are important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Is amaranth high in protein?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Amaranth seeds contain relatively complete protein compared to many cereal grains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Can amaranth grow in hot climates?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Many species are highly heat-tolerant and suitable for dry conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n\"mainEntity\": [\n{\n\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\"name\": \"Is amaranth a grain or a vegetable?\",\n\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\"text\": \"Amaranth can be both. Many species produce edible leaves used as a vegetable and edible seeds used as a grain substitute.\"\n}\n},\n{\n\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\"name\": \"Which amaranth species are best for food?\",\n\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\"text\": \"According to the Plants For A Future database, Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Amaranthus powellii are rated 5 out of 5 for edibility.\"\n}\n},\n{\n\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\"name\": \"Is amaranth high in protein?\",\n\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\"text\": \"Yes. Amaranth seeds contain relatively complete protein and are rich in minerals such as iron and magnesium.\"\n}\n},\n{\n\"@type\": \"Question\",\n\"name\": \"Can amaranth grow in hot climates?\",\n\"acceptedAnswer\": {\n\"@type\": \"Answer\",\n\"text\": \"Yes. Many amaranth species are highly heat tolerant and suitable for warm and dry growing conditions.\"\n}\n}\n]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"glossary\"><strong>9. Glossary<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Astringent<\/strong> \u2013 A plant property that tightens tissues and may reduce minor bleeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pseudo-grain<\/strong> \u2013 A seed used like a grain but not from a true grass family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Oxalates<\/strong> \u2013 Naturally occurring compounds that can bind minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nitrates<\/strong> \u2013 Nitrogen compounds that plants may accumulate under certain conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Monoecious<\/strong> \u2013 Having male and female flowers on the same plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Utricle<\/strong> \u2013 A small, dry, one-seeded fruit typical of Amaranthus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"HowTo\",\n  \"name\": \"How to Cook Grain Amaranth (Basic Method)\",\n  \"description\": \"A simple method for cooking grain amaranth into a porridge-style or thicker grain base. Rinse, simmer, rest, and serve sweet or savoury.\",\n  \"totalTime\": \"PT30M\",\n  \"supply\": [\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToSupply\", \"name\": \"1 cup amaranth grain (rinsed)\" },\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToSupply\", \"name\": \"2.5 to 3 cups water or stock\" },\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToSupply\", \"name\": \"Pinch of salt (optional)\" }\n  ],\n  \"tool\": [\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToTool\", \"name\": \"Fine sieve\" },\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToTool\", \"name\": \"Small pot with lid\" },\n    { \"@type\": \"HowToTool\", \"name\": \"Stirring spoon\" }\n  ],\n  \"step\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"HowToStep\",\n      \"name\": \"Rinse the grain\",\n      \"text\": \"Rinse amaranth in a fine sieve under cool water to remove dust and reduce bitterness.\",\n      \"url\": \"#howto-cook-amaranth\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"HowToStep\",\n      \"name\": \"Boil the cooking liquid\",\n      \"text\": \"Bring 2.5 to 3 cups of water (or stock) to a boil in a small pot.\",\n      \"url\": \"#howto-cook-amaranth\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"HowToStep\",\n      \"name\": \"Add amaranth and simmer\",\n      \"text\": \"Add the rinsed amaranth (and salt if using), stir once, reduce heat, and simmer gently.\",\n      \"url\": \"#howto-cook-amaranth\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"HowToStep\",\n      \"name\": \"Cook until tender\",\n      \"text\": \"Simmer for 15\u201325 minutes, stirring occasionally. 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Key Takeaway Table of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,6,21,3,5,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-edible-groundcover","category-edible-perennials","category-edible-weeds","category-forest-gardening","category-plants","category-projects"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1099"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1119,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1099\/revisions\/1119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pfaf.org\/plants\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}