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| USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 3: 340. |
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Summary
Giant marshelder was historically important for its leaves and seeds, which were used as food by Native Americans. However, both are bitter and unappealing despite their abundance. The species grows in USDA Zones 4–9 and is weedy/invasive in disturbed habitats. An annual herb native to North America. It has been introduced to Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, where it is invasive. Now known to be a synonym of Cyclachaena xanthifolia. (Nutt.)Fresen.
Physical Characteristics
Iva xanthifolia is a ANNUAL growing to 1 m (3ft 3in).
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs).
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil and can tolerate drought.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Cyclachaena xanthifolia. (Nutt.)Fresen.
Plant Habitats
Cultivated Beds;
Edible Uses
Giant marshelder, also called giant sumpweed or carelessweed, is a tall annual of the sunflower family native to North America. Archaeological evidence suggests that it was an important early food source for Native Americans in New Mexico, valued for both its leaves and seeds, and possibly even cultivated in prehistory. The leaves are best cooked rather than eaten fresh, though their use is marginal. Simmering drives off their initial foul odor, leaving a vegetable-like aroma, but the flavor remains bitter, resinous, and only just within the limits of palatability. The texture becomes mushy, and foul overtones are difficult to subdue, so they are not recommended for soups or stews. The seeds are small, off-white inside, and enclosed in smooth black fruits (cypselae) about 2 mm long. Each plant can yield thousands of seeds within weeks of flowering. Harvest is easiest once the flower heads dry, but separating the seeds from their shells is extremely difficult. Because the cypselae are smooth and lack barbs, they can be eaten whole, though the shells are bitter and unpleasant. Toasting improves the flavor somewhat by masking bitterness with a charred overtone, while grinding yields a crude seed butter or meal with bran-like debris. Boiling produces only a murky broth of mediocre quality. Despite their historical importance, the seeds and leaves are generally unappealing compared to other wild foods.
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
An infusion or decoction of the plant has been drunk and used as a lotion in the treatment of coughs and influenza[257]. A poultice of the plant has been used in the treatment of boils[257].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
A possible substitute for some components of young rabbit forage, as it was palatable to them and had no toxic effects [1d].
Special Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
We have very little information on this species and do not know its cultivation needs. However, it is likely to succeed in most soils that are not too heavy or wet and will probably prefer a sunny position. The pollen of this species is one of the main causes of hay fever[257].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
Seed -
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
English: burweed marsh elder; burweed marshelder; burweed marshelder; carelessweed; false ragweed; giant marshelder; giant sumpweed; horseweed; marsh elder; marshelder; rag sumpweed. Austria: Rispenkrauts.
Native Range
Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it's worth checking.
North America native introduced to Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, where it is invasive. The pollen of Iva xanthiifolia can induce allergic diseases and it may become a serious source of allergens in Europe [d]. Recorded infesting sugarbeet fields in Serbia. In Hungary, encroaching Iva xanthifolia threatens spring-sown row crops, such as sunflower, maize and sugarbeet. It can also cause considerable damage to sunflower plantations in Hungary [1d]. The plant is a prolific seed producer and is often considered a weedy or invasive species, spreading aggressively in disturbed areas.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Iva xanthifolia -
Status: Least Concern.
| Related Plants
|
| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Adenophora divaricata | | Perennial | 1.0 |
-
| | LM | N | M | 2 | 0 | |
| Adonis aestivalis | Pheasant's Eye, Summer pheasant's eye | Annual | 0.3 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | |
| Ajuga iva | Herb Ivy | Perennial | 0.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | |
| Allium sativum | Garlic, Cultivated garlic | Bulb | 0.6 |
7-10
| M | LM | N | DM | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Angelica decursiva | | Perennial | 1.5 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 2 | |
| Asclepias sullivantii | Prairie milkweed | Perennial | 1.2 |
0-0
| | L | SN | DM | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Avena sativa | Oats, Common oat | Annual | 0.9 |
3-10
| | LMH | N | DM | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Camelina sativa | Gold Of Pleasure | Annual | 0.6 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Cannabis sativa | Hemp, Marijuana | Annual | 2.5 |
8-11
| | LMH | N | M | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Carpesium divaricatum | | Perennial | 1.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 2 | |
| Castanea sativa | Sweet Chestnut, European chestnut | Tree | 30.0 |
5-7
| M | LMH | N | DM | 5 | 2 | 5 |
| Cotoneaster divaricatus | Spreading Cotoneaster | Shrub | 2.0 |
4-8
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Crataegus aestivalis | Eastern Mayhaw, May hawthorn, Mayhaw, Apple Hawthorn | Shrub | 9.0 |
6-11
| M | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Crataegus festiva | | Shrub | 3.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Eleutherococcus divaricatus | | Shrub | 3.5 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | |
| Eruca vesicaria sativa | Rocket | Annual | 0.6 |
6-9
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Eurybia divaricata | White wood aster | Perennial | 0.9 |
4-8
| F | LMH | FSN | DM | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Galanthus nivalis | Snowdrop, Common Snowdrop | Bulb | 0.2 |
3-9
| M | MH | S | M | 0 | 1 | |
| Geum rivale | Water Avens, Purple avens | Perennial | 0.3 |
3-7
| | LMH | SN | MWe | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Liquorice, Cultivated licorice | Perennial | 1.2 |
7-10
| | LM | SN | M | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Hosta tardiva | Nankai-Giboshi | Perennial | 0.5 |
-
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | |
| Iva axillaris | Deathweed, Povertyweed | Perennial | 0.2 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Lactuca sativa | Lettuce, Garden lettuce | Annual/Biennial | 0.9 |
5-9
| | LM | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Lactuca sativa angustana | Celtuce | Annual/Biennial | 0.6 |
5-9
| | LM | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Lactuca sativa capitata | Cabbage Lettuce | Annual/Biennial | 0.9 |
5-9
| | LM | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Lactuca sativa crispa | Cutting Lettuce | Annual/Biennial | 0.9 |
5-9
| | LM | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Lactuca sativa longifolia | Cos Lettuce | Annual/Biennial | 0.9 |
5-9
| | LM | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Lewisia rediviva | Bitter-Root | Perennial | 0.1 |
4-8
| | LM | N | M | 2 | 2 | |
| Madia sativa | Chile Tarweed, Coast tarweed | Annual | 0.8 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | M | 3 | 0 | 2 |
|
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
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Expert comment
Author
Nutt.
Botanical References
17
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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Subject : Iva xanthifolia
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