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Cytisus x praecox - Bean

Common Name Warminster Broom
Family Fabaceae
USDA hardiness 5-9
Known Hazards Like many other plants in the Fabaceae family, Cytisus species can contain alkaloids (notably cytisine), which are toxic when ingested in significant quantities. Cytisine can cause Nausea and vomiting, Abdominal pain, and Respiratory issues in severe cases. Pets, livestock, and humans (especially children) should avoid consuming parts of the plant.
Habitats Commonly grown in: Gardens and landscapes for its abundant yellow flowers in early spring. Rock gardens and slopes, where its low-growing, spreading habit helps prevent soil erosion. Thrives in temperate climates.
Range An artificial hybrid cultivated worldwide as an ornamental shrub in gardens and landscapes.
Edibility Rating    (0 of 5)
Other Uses    (3 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (0 of 5)
Care (info)
Fully Hardy Well drained soil Moist Soil Full sun
Cytisus x praecox Warminster Broom


Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
Cytisus x praecox Warminster Broom
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

 

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Summary

Cytisus × praecox (Warminster Broom) is a popular ornamental shrub known for its vibrant yellow flowers and low-maintenance requirements. Its uses span across landscaping, ecological purposes, and soil improvement. Several species of Cytisus (commonly known as Brooms) grow in poor soils, are drought tolerant, and thrive in full sun. These plants are typically found in rocky, well-drained soils and withstand long dry periods. They have limited edible uses but contribute to the forest system, making them valuable contributors to healthy, functioning ecosystems. Many brooms fix nitrogen, are suitable for erosion control, act as shelter, forage habitats for wildlife, and contribute to biodiversity. Brooms produce many flowers rich in nectar and pollen, making them valuable for supporting pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects.


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of shrub
Cytisus x praecox is a deciduous Shrub growing to 1 m (3ft 3in) by 1 m (3ft 3in) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 6 and is not frost tender. The flowers are pollinated by Insects, Bees. The plant is self-fertile.
It can fix Nitrogen.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

C. × praecox f. albus (T.Sm.) Rehder. C. × praecox albus T.Sm. C. × praecox f. luteus (T.Sm.) Rehder. C. × praecox luteus T.Sm. Genista × praecox Rob.

Plant Habitats

Edible Uses

None known

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.


None Known

References   More on Medicinal Uses

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Other Uses

Agroforestry uses: Broom can be used as a nitrogen-fixing plant, improving soil fertility. It can also be utilized as a ground cover to prevent erosion and is often used in hedgerows and wildlife habitats. Ornamental Uses: Landscaping-Grown for its prolific spring blooms, create a striking visual display of bright yellow flowers. It is commonly planted in rock gardens and borders or as a feature plant in mixed shrub plantings. It is also used in slopes and embankments for its spreading habit and ability to soften hard lines in landscaping designs. Aesthetic Value: Its fine, green, twig-like foliage offers year-round structure and visual interest, even in winter. Pairs well with other Mediterranean and drought-tolerant plants like lavender and rosemary. Erosion Control and Soil Stabilization: Spreading growth habit and deep root system make it effective for Preventing soil erosion on slopes or banks and Stabilizing disturbed or sandy soils. Low-Maintenance Gardening. Drought-Tolerant Landscapes Ideal for xeriscaping (low-water-use gardens) due to its ability to thrive in dry conditions once established. Windbreaks and Privacy: Its dense growth makes it a useful low hedge or windbreak in exposed areas. Cautions: While it has many benefits, its ability to thrive in poor soils and spread aggressively in some conditions means care should be taken to prevent unwanted growth, especially in sensitive ecosystems. Warminster Broom (C. x praecox) has profuse yellow or cream-coloured flowers rich in nectar and pollen, making them valuable for supporting pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. Several species of Cytisus (commonly known as Brooms) grow in poor soils, are drought tolerant, and thrive in full sun. These plants are typically found in rocky, well-drained soils and withstand long dry periods. They have limited edible uses but contribute to the forest system, making them valuable contributors to healthy, functioning ecosystems. Many brooms fix nitrogen, are suitable for erosion control, act as shelter, forage habitats for wildlife, and contribute to biodiversity. Brooms produce many flowers rich in nectar and pollen, making them valuable for supporting pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Broom species produce flowers with nectar and pollen that attract bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Broom shrubs provide shelter for wildlife, and birds may use the dense foliage for nesting and roosting. However, the seeds are generally not a significant food source for many animals, and the plant does not produce abundant leaf litter. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): The dense growth of broom can provide shelter for invertebrates, though it is not typically known for its leaf litter or groundcover characteristics. Pest Confuser (Smell): Broom plants do not have a strong scent that confuses pests.

Special Uses

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

Soil Texture: Prefers light (sandy) or medium soils. Adapts well to poor, rocky, or gravelly soils. Soil Moisture: Thrives in dry to moderately moist soils. It is drought-tolerant once established but does not tolerate waterlogging. Drainage: Requires well-drained soil to prevent root rot and other moisture-related issues. Soil pH: Tolerates various pH levels, including slightly acidic to alkaline soils. Saline Tolerance: Low tolerance for saline conditions and unsuitable for highly saline soils. Tolerance of Poor Soil: Due to its nitrogen-fixing ability, it thrives in poor, nutrient-deficient soils. Light Requirements: Requires full sun for optimal growth and flowering. Does not tolerate shade well. Height: Typically grows to about 1–1.5 meters (3–5 feet) tall, with a similar spread, forming a compact, arching shrub. Pollination: Pollinated by bees and other insects attracted to its fragrant, pea-like flowers. Temperature: Hardy and thrives in USDA zones 5–8, tolerating frost and cooler climates. Drought Tolerance: Highly drought-tolerant once established, making it suitable for xeriscaping. Flowering: Produces masses of pale yellow, fragrant flowers in late spring to early summer. The flowers often cover the plant, creating a striking ornamental display. Nitrogen Fixation: Improves soil quality by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, making it beneficial for degraded soils. Pests and Diseases: Generally pest-free and resistant to most diseases, but ensure good drainage to prevent root issues. Pruning: Prune lightly after flowering to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth. Avoid heavy pruning into old wood, as it may not regenerate. Fire Hazard: Like other broom species, brooms can be flammable due to their woody stems and dry seed pods, which increases fire risk, especially in arid climates. Its parents are Cytisus multiflorus (the white Spanish broom) and Cytisus oromediterraneus (the Pyrenean broom). The hybrid formula of this artificial cross is C. multiflorus × C. oromediterraneus [2-5]. A deciduous shrub.

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

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Plant Propagation

Easily from semi-hardwood cuttings or seeds, though seeds may require scarification for better germination.

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Native Range

This is an artificial hybrid.

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.

As a hybrid, Cytisus × praecox is non-invasive and lacks the aggressive spreading behaviour of some Cytisus species.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Not Available

Related Plants
Latin NameCommon NameHabitHeightHardinessGrowthSoilShadeMoistureEdibleMedicinalOther
Chamaecytisus albusWhite BroomShrub1.0 6-9 FLMNDM003
Chamaecytisus hirsutusHairy BroomShrub1.0 6-9 FLMNDM003
Chamaecytisus proliferusTagasaste. Tree lucerne.Shrub4.0 8-12 FLMNDM004
Cytisus decumbensProstrate BroomShrub0.2 5-8 MLMNDM004
Cytisus multiflorusWhite Spanish BroomShrub1.5 6-9 FLMNDM003
Cytisus scopariusBroom, Scotch broom, Common BroomShrub2.4 5-8 FLMHSNDM134
Cytisus striatusPortuguese BroomShrub2.0 7-9 FLMNDM003

Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

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