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Caryodendron orinocense - H.Karst.

Common Name Taccy Nut, Nuez de Barinas
Family Euphorbiaceae
USDA hardiness 10-12
Known Hazards None known
Habitats A canopy tree in dense rain forests; at elevations from sea level to 2,300 metres[418 , 521 ].
Range Northern and western S. America - Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.
Edibility Rating    (3 of 5)
Other Uses    (2 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (1 of 5)
Care (info)
Tender Moist Soil Full sun
Caryodendron orinocense Taccy Nut, Nuez de Barinas


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Caryodendron orinocense Taccy Nut, Nuez de Barinas
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Summary


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of cone
Caryodendron orinocense is an evergreen Tree growing to 25 m (82ft) by 25 m (82ft) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10. The flowers are pollinated by Wind. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

No synonyms are recorded for this name.

Plant Habitats

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Oil  Seed
Edible Uses: Oil

Seed - raw, roasted, fried or ground into a powder[63 , 418 ]. The seeds have a pleasant flavour resembling hazel nuts. After removal of the leathery testa, the kernels can be eaten raw, roasted, fried or ground for a drink or sweets[324 , 418 ]. Under dry conditions nuts will keep for around 30 days in the capsule; shell damage or a moist environment can initiate enzyme reaction leading to acidification and rancidity of the oil[324 ]. The nuts are easily separated from the thin shell and, when dried and roasted, they can be safely stored for a long time in sealed plastic bags The seed is about 25mm long and is surrounded by a thin shell that can easily be broken with the fingers[63 ]. The seeds are a source of an edible oil rich in linoleic acid (34.4%)[324 , 418 ]. Once extracted the oil can be safely stored for a long time without turning rancid[324 ].

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.


Nuts and oil are an excellent cure for pulmonary complaints and dermatitis[324 ].

References   More on Medicinal Uses

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Other Uses

Oil

Agroforestry Uses: The tree is grown to provide shade tree in coffee and cacao plantations[418 ] Other Uses The oil extracted from the shells and seeds is used as an illuminant[324 , 418 ]. A latex obtained from the bark is used as an illuminant[324 ]. The wood is not regarded as valuable or durable. It is used for furniture[324 , 418 ]. The wood is used to make an excellent charcoal[324 , 418 ].

Special Uses

Carbon Farming

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

Experimental Crop  Management: Standard  Staple Crop: Protein-oil

A plant of the semi-arid to moist tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,300 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 20 - 29c, but can tolerate 12 - 35c[418 ]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 1,200 - 3,000mm, but tolerates 800 - 5,000mm[418 ]. Prefers a position in full sun[324 ]. Succeeds on a wide range of soils[324 ]. Tolerates a few months of mild drought and withstands brief waterlogging[324 , 418 ]. Prefers a pH in the range 5 - 6, tolerating 4.5 - 6.5[418 ]. Plant growth is rapid, with fruiting usually beginning in the seventh year when trees are around 7 metres tall[324 , 418 ]. Occasional plants will commence fruiting when as young as 4 - 5 years old[324 ]. The average weight of a nut is 8.5 g, attaining 12.5 g or more in superior selections[324 ]. A 10 year old tree can yield 100 - 250 kg of nuts per annum, an old specimen has given about 800 kg[324 ]. There is the potential for an annual production of 3,500 - 5,000 kg of oil per ha from trees bearing nuts with an oil content of 57%[324 ]. Both monoecious and dioecious trees have been reported[324 ] - it is important to make sure you are either growing monoecious forms, or have both male and female dioecious forms if seed is required.

Carbon Farming

  • Experimental Crop  Plant breeders are testing these plants to see if they could be domesticated for cultivation, but they are still in an experimental phase. Examples include milkweed and leafy spurge.
  • Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
  • Staple Crop: Protein-oil  (16+ percent protein, 16+ percent oil). Annuals include soybeans, peanuts, sunflower seeds. Perennials include seeds, beans, nuts, and fruits such as almond, Brazil nut, pistachio, walnut, hazel, and safou.

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

Temperature Converter

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Plant Propagation

Seed - it has a short viability and so should preferably be sown within 10 days of harvesting[324 ]. It is reputed to fail to germinate if more than 35 days old[324 ]. Shade is required during the first year of growth, followed by full exposure to the sun on transplanting when around 50 cm high at the onset of the following rainy season[324 ].

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Native Range

SOUTHERN AMERICA: Venezuela, Colombia (Putumayo), Ecuador (Morona Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbíos), Peru (Loreto (northeast))

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed

Related Plants
Latin NameCommon NameHabitHeightHardinessGrowthSoilShadeMoistureEdibleMedicinalOther

Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

Expert comment

Author

H.Karst.

Botanical References

Links / References

For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.

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Subject : Caryodendron orinocense  
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