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Summary
Bloom Color: Brown.
Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Early winter, Late spring, Late winter, Mid spring, Mid winter. Form: Oval, Pyramidal.
Physical Characteristics
Betula utilis is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft 7in) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Betula bhojpattra.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Canopy; Secondary; Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;
Edible Uses
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antiseborrheic Antiseptic Carminative Urinary
An infusion of the bark is antiseptic and carminative[240, 243, 272]. It has been used in the treatment of hysteria and jaundice[240, 243, 272]. It is applied as drops to the ears to rlieve earache[272]. A paste made from the bark is used as a poultice on cuts, wounds and burns[272]. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Betula species for infections of the urinary tract, kidney and bladder stones, rheumatism (see [302] for critics of commission E).
References More on Medicinal Uses
The Bookshop: Edible Plant Books
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Other Uses
Incense Paper Waterproofing Wood
A paper is made from the inner bark[46, 51, 61]. The outer bark can be carefully peeled off the tree (this does not harm the tree) and used as a paper[158]. The outer bark can also be used as a waterproofing and for roofing houses[51, 146, 272]. The bark is sometimes used as an incense[272]. Wood - tough, even grained, moderately hard, elastic. Used for construction[51, 146, 158, 272].
Special Uses
Dynamic accumulator
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Landscape Uses:Specimen. Succeeds in a well-drained loamy soil in a sheltered position[11, 200]. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Dislikes wet soils[200]. Shade tolerant[200]. Plants are showing good wind-resistance on our Cornish trial ground[K]. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[50]. A good plant to grow near the compost heap, aiding the fermentation process[20]. Trees are notably susceptible to honey fungus[200]. Special Features:
Not North American native, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
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The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees,Edible Shrubs, Woodland Gardening, and Temperate Food Forest Plants. Our new book is Food Forest Plants For Hotter Conditions (Tropical and Sub-Tropical).
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Plant Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a light position in a cold frame[78, 80, 113, 134]. Only just cover the seed and place the pot in a sunny position[78, 80, 134]. Spring sown seed should be surface sown in a sunny position in a cold frame[113, 134]. If the germination is poor, raising the temperature by covering the seed with glass can help[134]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a cold frame for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. If you have sufficient seed, it can be sown in an outdoor seedbed, either as soon as it is ripe or in the early spring - do not cover the spring sown seed. Grow the plants on in the seedbed for 2 years before planting them out into their permanent positions in the winter[78, 80, 113, 134].
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
TEMPERATE ASIA: Afghanistan, China (Gansu Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu, Qinghai Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng (west), Xizang Zizhiqu (east & south), Yunnan Sheng (northwest)) TROPICAL ASIA: Bhutan, India (Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal, Pakistan (northeast)
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Alnus acuminata | Alder | Tree | 25.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Alnus cordata | Italian Alder | Tree | 25.0 |
5-9
| F | MH | SN | DMWe | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Alnus glutinosa | Alder, European alder , Common Alder, Black Alder | Tree | 25.0 |
3-7
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| Alnus hirsuta | | Tree | 18.0 |
3-7
| | MH | SN | MWe | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Alnus incana | Grey Alder, Speckled alder, Thinleaf alder, White Alder | Tree | 18.0 |
2-6
| F | MH | SN | DMWe | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Alnus japonica | Japanese Alder | Tree | 22.0 |
4-8
| F | MH | SN | DMWe | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Alnus jorullensis | Mexican alder, Evergreen Alder | Tree | 25.0 |
7-12
| F | LMH | SN | MWe | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Alnus maritima | Seaside Alder, Beach Alder | Tree | 9.0 |
3-7
| M | MH | N | MWe | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Alnus maximowiczii | | Tree | 9.0 |
4-8
| | MH | SN | MWe | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Alnus nepalensis | Nepalese Alder | Tree | 22.0 |
8-11
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Alnus nitida | West Himalayan Alder | Tree | 30.0 |
7-10
| | MH | SN | DMWe | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Alnus rhombifolia | White Alder | Tree | 12.0 |
8-11
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Alnus rubra | Red Alder, Oregon Alder | Tree | 20.0 |
6-8
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Alnus rugosa | Speckled Alder | Tree | 22.0 |
2-6
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Alnus serrulata | Smooth Alder, Hazel alder | Shrub | 4.5 |
3-9
| | MH | N | MWe | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Alnus sinuata | Sitka Alder | Shrub | 4.0 |
2-9
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Alnus tenuifolia | Mountain Alder, Thinleaf alder | Tree | 9.0 |
5-7
| F | MH | SN | MWe | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Alnus viridis crispa | American Green Alder | Shrub | 3.0 |
4-8
| | MH | SN | MWe | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch, Swamp Birch | Tree | 12.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Betula alnoides | | Tree | 40.0 |
7-10
| F | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Betula ermanii | Gold Birch | Tree | 25.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Betula glandulosa | Scrub Birch | Shrub | 2.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Betula kenaica | Kenai Birch | Tree | 12.0 |
0-0
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Betula lenta | Cherry Birch, Sweet birch, Black Birch, Cherry Birch | Tree | 24.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Betula nana | Dwarf Birch | Shrub | 0.3 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Betula nigra | River Birch, Black Birch, Red Birch, Water Birch, River Birch | Tree | 20.0 |
3-9
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Betula occidentalis | Water Birch | Tree | 9.0 |
0-0
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Betula papyrifera | Paper Birch, Mountain paper birch, Kenai birch | Tree | 20.0 |
0-0
| F | LMH | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Betula pendula | Silver Birch, European white birch, Common Birch, Warty Birch, European White Birch | Tree | 20.0 |
2-6
| F | LMH | N | DM | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Betula platyphylla | White Birch, Asian white birch, | Tree | 20.0 |
3-6
| F | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 2 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
D.Don.
Botanical References
1151200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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