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Summary
Bloom Color: Green.
Main Bloom Time: Early spring, Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Oval, Rounded.
Physical Characteristics
Acer saccharum nigrum is a deciduous Tree growing to 25 m (82ft 0in) at a slow rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 3. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant).
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
A. nigrum. Michx.f.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Canopy;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Inner bark Sap Seed
Edible Uses: Sweetener
The sap contains reasonable quantities of sugar and can be used as a drink or concentrated into a syrup by boiling off the water[1, 2, 11, 43, 34, 57, 142, 159]. The syrup is used as a sweetener on many foods. The sap can be harvested in late winter or early spring[[142], the flow is best on a warm sunny day after a frost. Trees on southern slopes in sandy soils give the best yields. It is best to make a hole about 7cm deep and about 1.3 metres above the ground[171]. Yields of 40 - 100 litres per tree can be obtained[142]. The best sap production comes from cold-winter areas with continental climates. Seed - boiled then roasted[62, 105, 159]. The seed is about 6mm long and is produced in small clusters[82]. Inner bark - cooked. It is dried, ground into a powder and then used as a thickening in soups etc or mixed with cereals when making bread[105, 161].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Astringent
A decoction of the inner bark has been used in the treatment of diarrhoea[257].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Fuel Preservative Wood
The leaves are packed around apples, rootcrops etc to help preserve them[18, 20]. Wood - close grained, tough, hard, heavy. Used for furniture, ship building, etc[43, 46, 61, 82, 171]. It is a good fuel[82]. A dynamic accumulator gathering minerals or nutrients from the soil and storing them in a more bioavailable form - used as fertilizer or to improve mulch.
Special Uses
Dynamic accumulator Food Forest
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Landscape Uses:Specimen, Street tree. Of easy cultivation, it prefers a good moist well-drained soil but succeeds on most soils[11, 98]. Chlorosis can often develop as a result of iron deficiency when the plants are grown in alkaline soils, but in general maples are not fussy as to soil pH. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Trees need full light and a lot of space[98]. Plants are hardy to about -45°c when fully dormant[160]. This species is not a great success in Britain[1], though it does better than once thought[11]. It grows well in Cornwall[59]. Slow growing when young[11]. Plants produce prodigious root growth but very little top growth in first year from seed[133]. Trees grow rapidly for their first 25 years in the wild, but then slow down and only occasionally surviving for more than 200 years[229]. A very ornamental tree[1] but a bad companion plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants[18, 20]. This species is commercially exploited in America for its sap[1, 11]. Along with A. saccharum and the sub-species A. s. grandidentatum it is the major source of maple syrup[11]. There are some named varieties[183]. The sap can be tapped within 10 - 15 years from seed but it does not flow so well in areas with mild winters[160]. Special Features:North American native, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 8 through 1. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures.
Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat.
The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C).
At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days).
For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a standard with a non-suckering single trunk [1-2]. The root pattern is flat with shallow roots forming a plate near the soil surface [1-2].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
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Plant Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame, it usually germinates in the following spring. A lot of the seed is non-viable, it is best to cut a few open to see if there is an embryo[113]. An average of 95% germination can be achieved from viable seed[98]. Pre-soak stored seed for 24 hours and then stratify for 2 - 4 months at 1 - 8°c. It can be slow to germinate, sometimes taking two years[125]. The seed can be harvested 'green' (when it has fully developed but before it has dried and produced any germination inhibitors) and sown immediately. It should germinate in late winter. If the seed is harvested too soon it will produce very weak plants or no plants at all[80, 113]. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on until they are 20cm or more tall before planting them out in their permanent positions. Layering, which takes about 12 months, is successful with most species in this genus. Cuttings of young shoots in June or July. The cuttings should have 2 - 3 pairs of leaves, plus one pair of buds at the base. Remove a very thin slice of bark at the base of the cutting, rooting is improved if a rooting hormone is used. The rooted cuttings must show new growth during the summer before being potted up otherwise they are unlikely to survive the winter.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: Canada, Québec (south), Ontario (south), United States, Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan (south), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas (northeast), Minnesota (south), Missouri, Wisconsin, Arkansas (northwest), Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina (west), Tennessee, Virginia,
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
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| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Acer acuminatum | | Tree | 6.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Acer argutum | | Tree | 8.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer caesium | | Tree | 15.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Acer campestre | Field Maple, Hedge maple | Tree | 15.0 |
4-8
| F | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Acer carpinifolium | Hornbeam Maple | Shrub | 10.0 |
4-7
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer circinatum | Vine Maple | Tree | 12.0 |
6-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Acer crataegifolium | Hawthorn-Leaved Maple | Tree | 10.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer distylum | | Tree | 15.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer ginnala | Amur Maple | Tree | 10.0 |
3-8
| F | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Acer glabrum | Rock Maple, Rocky Mountain maple, Douglas maple, Greene's maple, New Mexico maple, Torrey maple | Tree | 9.0 |
3-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Acer interius | Box Elder | Tree | 20.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer macrophyllum | Oregon Maple, Bigleaf maple, Oregon Maple | Tree | 30.0 |
5-9
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Acer mono | Maple | Tree | 15.0 |
3-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Acer negundo | Box Elder | Tree | 21.0 |
3-8
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Acer oblongum | | Tree | 9.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Acer palmatum | Japanese Maple | Tree | 8.0 |
6-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer pectinatum | Maple | Tree | 10.0 |
3-6
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Acer pensylvanicum | Moosewood, Striped maple, Moosewood, Pennsylvania Maple | Tree | 4.5 |
3-7
| | LMH | N | M | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Acer platanoides | Norway Maple, Harlequin Maple | Tree | 21.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acer pseudoplatanus | Sycamore, Great Maple, Scottish Maple, Planetree Maple | Tree | 30.0 |
4-7
| F | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Acer rubrum | Red Maple, Drummond's maple, Swamp Maple | Tree | 30.0 |
4-10
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Acer saccharinum | Silver Maple, River Maple, Soft Maple | Tree | 30.0 |
3-9
| F | LMH | SN | M | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Acer saccharum | Sugar Maple, Florida Maple, Hard Maple, Rock Maple | Tree | 30.0 |
4-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Acer saccharum grandidentatum | Big-Tooth Maple, Canyon Maple, Rocky Mountain Sugar Maple | Tree | 12.0 |
5-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| Acer spicatum | Mountain Maple | Tree | 10.0 |
3-6
| S | LMH | N | M | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Acer sterculiaceum | | Tree | 6.0 |
7-10
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Acer tataricum | Tatarian Maple | Tree | 9.0 |
3-7
| M | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer truncatum | Shantung Maple, Purpleblow Maple | Tree | 8.0 |
3-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Acer ukurunduense caudatum | | Tree | 20.0 |
-
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 3 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
(Michx.)Desmarais.
Botanical References
1143200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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Subject : Acer saccharum nigrum
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