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| USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 506. |
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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Vitis labrusca is a deciduous Climber growing to 15 m (49ft 3in) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 6 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to July, and the seeds ripen from September to October. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Fruit Leaves Oil Sap Shoots
Edible Uses: Oil
Fruit - raw or dried for winter use[1, 2, 46, 61, 161]. The fruit can also be made into pies, preserves etc[183]. A distinctive musky aroma and taste that is not acceptable to many people[11, 183, 200]. The fruit is best after a frost[101]. Sweetish[43], it contains 6.6 - 16.6% sugars[179]. The fruit is up to 2cm in diameter[200] and is produced in fairly large bunches[235]. Young leaves - cooked[55, 159]. A pleasant acid flavour, they are cooked as greens or can be wrapped around other foods and then baked, when they impart a pleasant flavour[183]. Young tendrils - raw or cooked[55, 85, 159]. Sap. Best harvested in the spring or early summer, it has a sweet flavour and makes a pleasant drink[101]. The sap should not be harvested in quantity or it will weaken the plant[K]. An oil is obtained from the seed[46, 61]. This would only really be a viable crop if large quantities of grapes were being grown for wine.
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Miscellany Poultice Urinary
The leaves are hepatic[257]. An infusion has been used in the treatment of diarrhoea, hepatitis, stomach aches, fevers, headaches and thrush[222, 257]. Externally, the leaves are poulticed and applied to sore breasts, rheumatic joints and headaches[222, 257]. The wilted leaves have been applied as a poultice to the breasts to draw away soreness after the birth of a child[257. An infusion of the bark has been used to treat urinary complaints[257].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Dye Miscellany Oil Rootstock
A yellow dye is obtained from the fresh or dried leaves[168]. The plant is used as a rootstock for the common grape, V. vinifera, especially in areas where phylloxera disease is prevalent[61].
Special Uses
Food Forest Scented Plants
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Prefers a deep rich moist well-drained moderately fertile loam[1, 200]. Grows best in a calcareous soil[200]. Succeeds in sun or partial shade though a warm sunny position is required for the fruit to ripen[200]. The young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts. Plants climb by means of tendrils[182], they grow particularly well into elm trees[18]. The flowers have the sweet scent of mignonette[245]. Any pruning should be carried out in winter when the plants are dormant otherwise they bleed profusely[182, 200]. Cultivated for its edible fruit in N. America, where it can produce yields of up to 17 tonnes per hectare[183]. It is the parent of several named varieties[1, 43, 183]. However, it is of no value as a fruit bearer in Britain, requiring hotter summers than are usually experienced in this country in order to ripen its fruit[11]. Another report says that this species is of interest for its hardiness and its ability to produce crops in cooler climates[200]. Resistant to Phylloxera disease, a disease that almost destroyed the European grape crops. This species can be used as a rootstock in areas where the disease is prevalent[61] and can also be used in breeding programmes with V. vinifera in order to impart resistance to that species[183]. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus[200]. For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. Woody. Growth habit is a single or multiple shooting vine from a crown [1-2].
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
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The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees,Edible Shrubs, Woodland Gardening, and Temperate Food Forest Plants. Our new book is Food Forest Plants For Hotter Conditions (Tropical and Sub-Tropical).
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Plant Propagation
Seed - best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe[K]. Six weeks cold stratification improves the germination rate, and so stored seed is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is obtained. Germination should take place in the first spring, but sometimes takes another 12 months. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a cold frame for their first winter. Plant out in early summer. Cuttings of mature wood of the current seasons growth, December/January in a frame. These cuttings can be of wood 15 - 30cm long or they can be of short sections of the stem about 5cm long with just one bud at the top of the section. In this case a thin, narrow strip of the bark about 3cm long is removed from the bottom half of the side of the stem. This will encourage callusing and the formation of roots. Due to the size of these cuttings they need to be kept in a more protected environment than the longer cuttings. Layering.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: United States, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan (south), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Illinois, Missouri (southeast), Alabama (north), Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia (north), Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi (north), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
|
| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea | Cowberry, Lingonberry, Northern mountain cranberry, Cranberry | Shrub | 0.3 |
3-8
| M | LM | SN | M | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Vitis acerifolia | Bush Grape, Mapleleaf grape | Climber | 10.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis aestivalis | Summer Grape, Long grape | Climber | 20.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitis aestivalis argentifolia | Summer Grape | Climber | 25.0 |
3-7
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. linsecomii | Post-Oak Grape | Climber | 5.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis amurensis | Amur River Grape, Amur grape | Climber | 15.0 |
4-8
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitis arizonica | Canyon Grape | Climber | 5.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis baileyana | Graybark Grape | Climber | 10.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis belaii | Grape | Climber | 0.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | DM | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis berlandieri | Spanish Grape | Climber | 10.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis californica | California Grape, California wild grape | Climber | 9.0 |
6-9
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitis cinerea | Sweet Winter Grape, Graybark grape, Florida grape, Heller's grape | Climber | 0.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis cinerea floridana | Currant Grape | Climber | 0.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitis coignetiae | Crimson Glory Vine | Climber | 20.0 |
4-8
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Vitis cordifolia | Frost Grape | Climber | 20.0 |
4-8
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis davidii | Spiny Vitis | Climber | 15.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Vitis flexuosa | | Climber | 8.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitis girdiana | Valley Grape, Desert wild grape | Climber | 12.0 |
7-10
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitis labruscana | | Climber | 15.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis lanata | Grape | Climber | 0.0 |
8-11
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitis monticola | Sweet Mountain Grape | Climber | 10.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis munsoniana | Bird Grape, Munson's grape | Climber | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis mustangensis | Mustang Grape | Climber | 10.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis palmata | Red Grape, Catbird grape | Climber | 20.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis parvifolia | | Climber | 0.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | DM | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Vitis riparia | Riverbank Grape | Climber | 15.0 |
2-6
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Vitis romanetii | | Climber | 10.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis rotundifolia | Muscadine Grape, Muscadine, Southern Fox Grape, Scuppernong, Muscadine Grape | Climber | 25.0 |
5-9
| F | LMH | SN | DM | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitis rupestris | Sand Grape | Climber | 2.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 2 |
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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
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