Edible Parts: Seed
Edible Uses: Gum

Seed - raw or cooked[299 , 303 ]. The seeds are narrowly ovoid, up to 6mm long and 3mm wide[299 ]. A vanillin flavouring is obtained as a by-product of other resins that are released from the pulpwood[200 ].

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antibacterial  Antifungal  Antirheumatic  Antiseptic  Antitussive  Diuretic  Kidney  Poultice  
Rubefacient  Skin  Vermifuge

The leaf oil is sometimes used for medicinal baths[303 ]. The turpentine obtained from the resin of all pine trees is antiseptic, diuretic, rubefacient and vermifuge[4 ]. It is a valuable remedy used internally in the treatment of kidney and bladder complaints and is used both internally and as a rub and steam bath in the treatment of rheumatic affections[4 ]. It is also very beneficial to the respiratory system and so is useful in treating diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints such as coughs, colds, influenza and TB[4 ]. Applied externally, it is a very beneficial treatment for a variety of skin complaints, wounds, sores, burns, boils etc and is used in the form of liniment plasters, poultices, herbal steam baths and inhalers[4 ]. Hexane extracts of the bark have shown strong antifungal and antibacterial activity[299 ].

Adhesive  Charcoal  Fuel  Gum  Mulch  Paint  Paper  Resin  Shelterbelt  Soap making  Soil reclamation  Soil stabilization  Tannin  Wood

Design: Seaside; Coastal street tree; Public open space; Accent; Specimen; Xerophytic. Agroforestry Uses: In many places where the tree grows, the mat of needles on the ground is considered valuable for the protection of the soil surface from erosion[299 , 303 ]. In Sri Lanka, a massive reforestation programme was undertaken with plantations of this tree to convert heavily eroded lands on which nothing else could be grown. It is the only species so far successfully used to clothe barren eroded and denuded lands with a tree cover[303 ]. The trees are grown to provide shelter from the wind[299 , 337 ]. The needles contain a substance called terpene, this is released when rain washes over the needles and it has a negative effect on the germination of some plants, including wheat[201 ]. Other Uses The tree, especially the sapwood, can be tapped for oleoresin. This is a pale yellow, clear and sticky mass, becoming brittle on evaporation. It is a hydrophobic substance soluble in neutral, non-polar organic solvents such as dry ethyl ether, hexane, and other petroleum solvents. On distillation it yields gum rosin (75%) and turpentine (25%)[299 , 303 ]. Turpentine is a liquid mixture of mainly terpene hydrocarbons and terpenoids. It is used in paint and batik industries[299 ]. Gum rosin is a brittle solid, insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents. It consists primarily of a mixture of abietic and pimaric-type acids. It is used in the production of paper, soap and glue[299 ]. The bark contains tannin; about 10% can be extracted and dried to a reddish powder soluble in water[299 , 303 ]. The heartwood is yellowish to reddish brown; it is demarcated from the 5 - 10cm wide band of white or yellowish sapwood. The grain is straight, texture medium to coarse; growth rings are distinct; numerous resin canals are present and clearly visible as straight brown streaks on longitudinal surfaces. Wood properties show large differences between sites and between trees. The wood is moderately light in weight to moderately heavy, that from slower-growing trees from natural stands has a higher density and lower resin content than the wood from faster-growing trees from plantations; it is soft to moderately hard; moderately durable, being susceptible to marine borer and termite attacks, but resistant to powder-post beetles and fungi. Resistance to insect attacks increases with increasing resin content. The wood air dries well, but end splits may occur. It works and finishes well with hand and machine tools, although resin may clog and gum up tool edges and surfaces. It takes nails and screws particularly well and glues satisfactorily. The wood exudes much resin, which makes it less suitable for certain uses such as joinery and flooring. However, resin-soaked wood is popular for boat decking, because of its high durability. Its low timber density and other poor properties render the timber unstable for structural work or even furniture. It can be used for shuttering, temporary applications and packaging, and it is useful for turnery, toys, moulding and other novelty items. It is also suitable for interior trim, veneer, plywood, piles, vats, particle board and fibre board. Transmission poles made from this wood are popular in Tanzania and Malaysia, among other places[299 , 303 , 316 , 848 ]. The presence of long tracheids makes this species (and other pines) a good source of wood pulp. Plantations at 15 years are ideal for pulpwood production. The tree is used in Nicaragua and Honduras for general-purpose pulpwood. Wood pulp is also used for the manufacture of particleboard, fibreboard and chipboard[303 ]. Being a fast-growing species, it can be used for fuel wood for both industrial and home use. However, it throws out sparks when burning[299 , 303 ]. It is also sometimes used to make charcoal[299 ]. The energy value of the wood is 20,300 kJ/kg[299 ].

Special Uses

Carbon Farming  Food Forest