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Lycium torreyi - A.Gray.

Common Name Torrey's wolfberry
Family Solanaceae
USDA hardiness 7-10
Known Hazards Although no records of toxicity have been seen for this species, it does belong to a family that contains many poisonous plants. Some caution should be applied, especially towards leaves or unripe fruits, though ripe fruits are almost certainly edible.
Habitats Along washes and bench lands below 600 metres, especially in creosote bush scrub[71].
Range South-western N. America - California.
Edibility Rating    (5 of 5)
Other Uses    (3 of 5)
Weed Potential No
Medicinal Rating    (2 of 5)
Care (info)
Frost Hardy Well drained soil Moist Soil Full sun
Lycium torreyi Torrey


Lycium torreyi Torrey

 

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Summary

Torrey's wolfberry is a thorny, native shrub of the deserts and dry plains of the southwestern United States. It is included among the soft-fruited wolfberries whose berries share the same excellent edible qualities. Like other members of the genus, it produces reliable crops of fleshy berries during spring and early summer, making it an important seasonal food for Native Americans and a valuable resource for wildlife.


Physical Characteristics

 icon of manicon of shrub
Lycium torreyi is a deciduous Shrub growing to 3 m (9ft) by 3 m (9ft) at a medium rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 8. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.

UK Hardiness Map US Hardiness Map

Synonyms

Lycium torreyi var. filiforme M.E.Jones

Plant Habitats

Woodland Garden Sunny Edge;

Edible Uses

Edible Parts: Fruit
Edible Uses:

Torrey's wolfberry is another excellent representative of the edible desert wolfberries. Its dependable production of sweet, fleshy berries, outstanding drought tolerance, and long history as a traditional Indigenous food make it one of the Southwest's most valuable fruit-producing shrubs. When harvested ripe and eaten in moderation, it provides an excellent seasonal food resource in arid landscapes [2-3]. The berries are edible fresh or cooked. As with all wolfberries discussed in your source, large quantities may cause digestive upset, so eat them in moderation. You can eat ripe berries fresh, cook them into sauces, or dry them for storage. Other parts of the shrub are not regarded as edible [2-3]. Edibility Rating: 5 out of 5 – An excellent native fruit shrub that produces dependable crops of nutritious berries [2-3]. Taste and Preparation: Although Lycium torreyi was not evaluated separately, it is included among the edible soft-fruited wolfberries we researched and is expected to share the same characteristics. Ripe berries range from orange to red and are soft, juicy, and pleasantly sweet, with a flavor resembling ripe tomatoes combined with a slight citrus-rind bitterness. The numerous seeds are soft and easy to eat with the pulp. Fresh berries are excellent eaten straight from the shrub or mixed with wild onions to make fresh salsa. Cooking produces a thick, sweet, tomato-like sauce that works well in soups, stews, and other savory dishes. Because fresh berries spoil quickly unless refrigerated, eat them soon after harvesting or dry them. Dried berries resemble raisins and become noticeably sweeter than the fresh fruit [2-3]. Seasonality: Torrey's wolfberry flowers in late winter and early spring, with berries ripening during spring and early summer. Fruit production is generally dependable even during relatively dry years, and additional crops may develop following summer rainfall [2-3]. Traditional Uses: Wolfberries were among the most important native fruits available to Indigenous peoples throughout the deserts of the Southwest. People gathered the berries fresh, cooked them, and dried them for later use, providing a dependable seasonal food source where few other fresh fruits were available [2-3]. Fruit - raw or cooked[257]. It is much sought after in the wild[177]. Only the fully ripe fruits should be eaten[K].

References   More on Edible Uses

Medicinal Uses

Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Cancer  Odontalgic

A poultice of the heated root has been applied to the jaw to bring relief from toothache[257]. The plant has been used as a treatment for chickenpox[257]. The fruit of many members of this genus is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E, flavanoids and other bio-active compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is fairly unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated as a food that is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers[214].

References   More on Medicinal Uses

Other Uses

Soil stabilization

Plants have an extensive root system and can be planted to stabilize banks[200]. Torrey's wolfberry suits xeriscapes and native gardens. It performs best in full sun with excellent drainage and requires very little maintenance once established. Its attractive flowers, colorful berries, and value to wildlife make it a useful landscape species in dry regions. The flowers attract native bees and other pollinating insects, while the berries provide an important food source for birds and small mammals. The thorny branches also offer valuable nesting sites and protective cover for wildlife.

Special Uses

References   More on Other Uses

Cultivation details

Torrey's wolfberry grows best in full sun and well-drained sandy, gravelly, or rocky soils. It is highly drought-tolerant and thrives under the hot, arid conditions typical of the southwestern deserts. Habitat: This species grows in desert washes, open desert scrub, sandy plains, and other arid habitats across parts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. USDA Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 7–10. Growth Rate: Torrey's wolfberry has a moderate growth rate, producing vigorous new growth following seasonal rainfall while remaining well adapted to prolonged drought. Mature Size: Plants typically grow 1–3 meters (3–10 feet) tall, forming dense, thorny shrubs. Cultivation: Torrey's wolfberry suits xeriscapes and native gardens. It performs best in full sun with excellent drainage and requires very little maintenance once established. Its attractive flowers, colorful berries, and value to wildlife make it a useful landscape species in dry regions. Identification: Torrey's wolfberry is a thorny shrub with small, fleshy leaves borne singly or in clusters along the branches. It produces pale purple, bell- to trumpet-shaped flowers followed by soft orange to red berries containing numerous small seeds. Like other wolfberries, it is recognized by its thorny branches, clustered leaves, tubular flowers, and fleshy berries. Similar Species: Torrey's wolfberry closely resembles Anderson's wolfberry (Lycium andersonii), Berlandier's wolfberry (L. berlandieri), Baja wolfberry (L. brevipes), Arizona wolfberry (L. exsertum), Fremont's wolfberry (L. fremontii), and pale wolfberry (L. pallidum). These soft-fruited species have similar edible characteristics, flavor, and preparation methods. Succeeds in impoverished soils[200]. Requires a sunny position[200]. Tolerates maritime exposure[200].

References   Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information

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Plant Propagation

Seed - sow early spring in a greenhouse. Germination is usually good and fairly quick. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant out in late spring or early summer. Pinch out the shoot tips of the young plants in order to encourage bushy growth[78]. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, 5 - 10cm with a heel if possible, July/August in individual pots in a frame. Good percentage[78]. Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, autumn to late winter in a cold frame. High percentage[78, 200]. Division of suckers in late winter. Very easy, the suckers can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. Layering.

Other Names

If available other names are mentioned here

Squawthorn, Torrey's wolfberry, Torrey wolfberry

Native Range

NORTHERN AMERICA: United States (New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, California, Utah), Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Hidalgo)

Weed Potential

Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it's worth checking.

Low. Torrey's wolfberry is a native shrub with no known invasive tendencies.

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Not listed.

IUCN Red List

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Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.

 

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Expert comment

Author

A.Gray.

Botanical References

71

Links / References

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