Agroforestry Services: Crop shade  Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen  Management: Standard  Other Systems: Multistrata  Regional Crop  Staple Crop: Balanced carb

A plant of hot, humid, tropical lowlands at elevations below 500 metres[335 ]. It is found in areas where the mean annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 - 4,300mm and there is only a small or no dry season[312 ]. The mean annual temperature is around 27°c, with the hottest month ranging from 29.4 - 34.5°c and the coolest month 20 - 23°c[312 ]. Plants are fairly shade tolerant, although heavy shade can reduce yields of seeds[312 ]. The plant succeeds in a wide range of soils that include highly calcareous and saline soils and poorly drained seasonal to permanently waterlogged valleys, swamps, and marshes. It occurs in soils with medium to very low fertility rating. It can grow in mildly acidic to very alkaline coastal soils with a pH up to 14[312 ]. It has medium to high tolerance of steady and strong winds and is windfirm due to a strong lateral root system including buttresses[312 ]. The plant has a moderate to fast rate of growth, with annual increases in height when young of up to 2 metres per year[312 ]. Trees can commence flowering when around 3 - 5 years old[312 ]. Yields of up to 75 kilos of fruits per tree per annum can be obtained from trees 25 or more years old[312 ]. Trees can live for 80 - 90 years[312 ]. The tree responds well to coppicing[312 ]. Although many species within the family Fabaceae have a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, this species is said to be devoid of such a relationship and therefore does not fix atmospheric nitrogen[755 ].

Carbon Farming

• Agroforestry Services: Crop shade  Plants providing crop shade especially trees.
• Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen  Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae.
• Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
• Other Systems: Multistrata  Multistrata agroforests feature multiple layers of trees often with herbaceous perennials, annual crops, and livestock.
• Regional Crop  These crops have been domesticated and cultivated regionally but have not been adopted elsewhere and are typically not traded globally, Examples in this broad category include perennial cottons and many nuts and staple fruits.
• Staple Crop: Balanced carb  (0-15 percent protein, 0-15 percent oil, with at least one over 5 percent). The carbohydrates are from either starch or sugar. Annuals include maize, wheat, rice, and potato. Perennials include chestnuts, carob, perennial fruits, nuts, cereals, pseudocereals, woody pods, and acorns.