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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Ilex verticillata is a deciduous Shrub growing to 2 m (6ft) by 1.5 m (5ft) at a slow rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 3. It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen in October. The species is dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required). and is pollinated by Bees. The plant is not self-fertile.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Prinos verticillata.
Plant Habitats
Woodland Garden Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; Bog Garden;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts:
Edible Uses: Tea
A tea is made from the dried and crumbled leaves[161, 177]. It does not contain caffeine[183].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antiseptic Astringent Cathartic Malaria Skin Tonic
The bark is antiseptic, astringent, cathartic and tonic[4, 238]. A decoction is used internally in the treatment of diarrhoea, malaria etc, and externally in the treatment of indolent sores and chronic skin disease[4, 238]. The bark contains about 4.8% tannin[4]. It is harvested in the autumn before the first frosts[4]. Another report says that the bark is harvested in the spring and dried for later use[238]. The fruit is cathartic[4].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Succeeds in most soils so long as they are not water-logged[200]. This species tolerates wetter conditions than most members of the genus[238]. A very ornamental and cold-hardy plant, tolerating temperatures down to about -35°c[184]. A slow-growing tree in the wild[229]. A number of named forms have been selected for their ornamental value[182]. Flowers are produced on the current year's growth[229]. The plants are very tolerant of pruning and can be cut right back into old wood if required[188]. Unlike most members of the genus, this species produces suckers[200]. Resents root disturbance, especially as the plants get older[11]. It is best to place the plants into their permanent positions as soon as possible, perhaps giving some winter protection for their first year or two[K]. Dioecious. Male and female plants must be grown if seed is required.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
The PFAF Bookshop
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Plant Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame. It can take 18 months to germinate. Stored seed generally requires two winters and a summer before it will germinate and should be sown as soon as possible in a cold frame. Scarification, followed by a warm stratification and then a cold stratification may speed up the germination time[78, 80]. The seedlings are rather slow-growing. Pot them up into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in light shade in a cold frame for their first year. It is possible to plant them out into a nursery bed in late spring of the following year, but they should not be left here for more than two years since they do not like being transplanted. Alternatively, grow them on in their pots for a second season and then plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Give them a good mulch and some protection for their first winter outdoors. Cuttings of almost ripe wood with a heel, August in a shaded position in a cold frame. Leave for 12 months before potting up. Layering in October. Takes 2 years[78]. Division in the dormant season.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Native Range
NORTHERN AMERICA: Canada (Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador), United States (Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri (southeast), Wisconsin, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status :
| Related Plants
|
| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Ilex aculeolata | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex aquifolium | Holly, English holl, Christmas Holly, Common Holly, English Holly | Shrub | 9.0 |
5-9
| S | LMH | FSN | DM | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Ilex asprella | | Shrub | 3.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 2 | |
| Ilex cassine | Cassine, Dahoon, Cassine Holly | Tree | 10.0 |
7-11
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Ilex chapaensis | | Shrub | 10.0 |
-
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex coriacea | Large Gallberry | Shrub | 3.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex cornuta | Horned Holly, Chinese holly | Shrub | 4.0 |
7-9
| M | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 2 | |
| Ilex crenata | Japanese Holly, Box Leaved Holly | Shrub | 5.0 |
6-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Ilex glabra | Inkberry | Shrub | 3.0 |
3-7
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Ilex integra | Mochi Tree | Tree | 6.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex latifolia | Tarajo | Tree | 10.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex macropoda | | Tree | 13.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 0 | |
| Ilex opaca | American Holly | Shrub | 15.0 |
4-8
| S | LMH | SN | M | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Ilex pedunculosa | | Shrub | 10.0 |
4-8
| | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Ilex pubescens | | Shrub | 3.5 |
7-10
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 2 | |
| Ilex purpurea | | Tree | 12.0 |
7-10
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 2 | |
| Ilex rotunda | Kurogane holly | Tree | 20.0 |
6-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | |
| Ilex vomitoria | Yaupon Holly, | Shrub | 6.0 |
6-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Ilex x altaclerensis | Holly | Shrub | 4.0 |
5-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Ilex yunnanensis | | Shrub | 4.0 |
5-9
| | LMH | SN | M | 0 | 1 | |
| Quercus ilex | Holly Oak, Evergreen Oak | Tree | 25.0 |
7-10
| S | LMH | SN | M | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| Quercus ilex ballota | Holm Oak | Tree | 25.0 |
6-9
| S | LMH | SN | M | 5 | 2 | 3 |
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
(L.)A.Gray.
Botanical References
1143200
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
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