Global Crop  Industrial Crop: Biomass  Management: Coppice  Management: Standard  Other Systems: SRC

A plant of humid subtropical and tropical regions, it grows in areas with mean minimum temperatures during the coldest month ranging from 2 - 10c and mean maximums near 29c during the hottest month[ 303 ]. Rainfall averages 1,020 - 1,780mm, concentrated in the summer but with monthly precipitation during the dry season of at least 20mm[ 303 ]. Plants can experience occasional frosts in the high parts of its range[ 303 ]. So long as the temperature drops gradually over a period of days, the tree can tolerate frost of -3c, but rapid falls to that temperature can cause severe damage[ 303 ]. Requires a sunny position and a deep, free-draining soil, growing best on fertile loam or clay-loam soils, but it will also perform well on lighter sandy soils, provided these are deep enough[ 279 , 303 ]. A very fast-growing tree, height increase in young trees of 2m per year are common, with some trees averaging 4m for the first 10 years or more[ 279 , 299 ]. Trees respond well to coppicing[ 303 ]. When grown for pulpwood, fuel wood and timber for mining, a 6 - 10 year rotation is common. In most countries, no thinning is done on these short rotations[ 303 ]. For saw logs, a rotation of 30 years is recommended with thinning at ages 7, 11 and 15 years, leaving a final stocking of 250 stems/ha[ 303 ]. The use of boron to reduce die-back and improve the growth rate is essential[ 303 ]. For most types of products, one seedling rotation, followed by at least two coppice rotations, is common practice[ 303 ]. Trees normally produce a strong taproot, with few laterals[ 379 ]. Trees can commence flowering when 4 - 5 years old[ 299 ]. Under natural conditions, the tree bears heavy seed crops every 2 - 3 years[ 303 ]. A fully mature tree can produce 2 kg of seed annually[ 303 ]. This species often hybridizes with the closely related Eucalyptus saligna, from which it is distinguished most easily by the shape of the fruit valves[ 299 ]. Eucalyptus species have not adopted a deciduous habit and continue to grow until it is too cold for them to do so. This makes them more susceptible to damage from sudden cold snaps. If temperature fluctuations are more gradual, as in a woodland for example, the plants have the opportunity to stop growing and become dormant, thus making them more cold resistant. A deep mulch around the roots to prevent the soil from freezing also helps the trees to survive cold conditions. The members of this genus are remarkably adaptable however, there can be a dramatic increase in the hardiness of subsequent generations from the seed of survivors growing in temperate zones[ 200 ]. Eucalyptus monocultures are an environmental disaster, they are voracious, allelopathic and encourage the worst possible attitudes to land use and conservation[ 200 ]. Flowering Time: Early summer, Early spring, Late summer, Late spring, Mid summer, Mid spring. Color Bloom: White.

Carbon Farming

• Global Crop  These crops are already grown or traded around the world. The annual value of each is more than $1 billion US Examples include coconuts, almonds, and bananas.
• Industrial Crop: Biomass  Three broad categories: bamboos, resprouting woody plants, and giant grasses. uses include: protein, materials (paper, building materials, fibers, biochar etc.), chemicals (biobased chemicals), energy - biofuels
• Management: Coppice  Cut to the ground repeatedly - resprouting vigorously. Non-destructive management systems maintaining the soil organic carbon.
• Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
• Other Systems: SRC  Short-rotation coppice.