Industrial Crop: Biomass  Management: Coppice  Management: Standard  Minor Global Crop  Other Systems: SRC

This species has the widest latitudinal distribution of any species in the genus, occurring over a wide range of climatic conditions from temperate to tropical[303 ]. Found naturally at elevations from sea level to 1,800 metres[299 , 337 ]. It grows in areas where the mean annual precipitation ranges from 500 - 2,000mm and the dry season may extend for 7 months, and has been planted successfully in areas where there can be as much as 3,500mm of rain[303 , 337 ]. The mean annual temperature ranges from 16 - 25°c, with a mean maximum temperature of the warmest month of around 27°c and a mean minimum of the coolest month of 7°c[303 ]. Where it grows naturally, it may tolerate 0 - 15 frosts a year[303 ]. In some areas where it has been planted, the tree has survived occasional frosts to -7°c[299 , 337 ]. Grows wild in soils that are usually not acidic, are rather rich, moist, alluvial, sandy loams and gravels[303 ]. It prefers a pH in the range 6.5 - 7.5[303 ]. Established plants have considerable resistance to drought, and can also tolerate occasional waterlogging[299 , 303 ]. A fast-growing tree, when planted on favourable sites trees have attained a height of 35 metres in 10 years, even on poorer sites they have managed 15 - 18 metres[310 ]. Yields of wood depend primarily upon humidity. They are highest when trees are grown on the borders of canals and under conditions of irrigation. In irrigated plantations in Africa under good conditions, annual yields of 20 - 25 cubic metres per hectare during the first 15 years have been obtained; the yield then decreases to 10 - 15 cubic metres unless the trees are coppiced[404 ]. On poor sites in Uruguay annual yields of only 6 cubic metres per hectare were achieved in a 16 year rotation[404 ]. When grown in plantations, it begins to produce seed 3 - 6 years after establishment[303 ]. For a Eucalypt, this species is considered relatively fire resistant[303 ]. The species coppices vigorously: a 99% rate has been reported from Congo[303 ]. Eucalyptus species have not adopted a deciduous habit and continue to grow until it is too cold for them to do so. This makes them more susceptible to damage from sudden cold snaps. If temperature fluctuations are more gradual, as in a woodland for example, the plants have the opportunity to stop growing and become dormant, thus making them more cold resistant. A deep mulch around the roots to prevent the soil from freezing also helps the trees to survive cold conditions. The members of this genus are remarkably adaptable however, there can be a dramatic increase in the hardiness of subsequent generations from the seed of survivors growing in temperate zones[200 ]. Eucalyptus monocultures are an environmental disaster, they are voracious, allelopathic and encourage the worst possible attitudes to land use and conservation[200 ].

Carbon Farming

• Industrial Crop: Biomass  Three broad categories: bamboos, resprouting woody plants, and giant grasses. uses include: protein, materials (paper, building materials, fibers, biochar etc.), chemicals (biobased chemicals), energy - biofuels
• Management: Coppice  Cut to the ground repeatedly - resprouting vigorously. Non-destructive management systems maintaining the soil organic carbon.
• Management: Standard  Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
• Minor Global Crop  These crops are already grown or traded around the world, but on a smaller scale than the global perennial staple and industrial crops, The annual value of a minor global crop is under $1 billion US. Examples include shea, carob, Brazil nuts and fibers such as ramie and sisal.
• Other Systems: SRC  Short-rotation coppice.