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Summary
Physical Characteristics
Acacia victoriae is an evergreen Shrub growing to 10 m (32ft) by 10 m (32ft) at a fast rate.
See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10. The flowers are pollinated by Bees.
It can fix Nitrogen.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.
UK Hardiness Map
US Hardiness Map
Synonyms
Acacia coronalis J.M.Black Acacia hanniana Domin Acacia sentis F.Muell. ex Benth. Racosperma victoriae (Benth.) Pedley
Habitats
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Seed
Edible Uses: Gum
Seed - cooked[301
]. A delicious flavour[301
]. The seed can be dried and ground into a powder then used with wheat flour etc when making bread and cakes[301
]. The dark, rich flour produced from the seed is of high quality with overtones of coffee and chicory in the flavour[301
]. The pods are also harvested when the seeds are fully formed, but still green - the pods are then lightly roasted and the seed is eaten [1297
].
Acacia seeds are highly nutritious and contain around 26% protein, 26% available carbohydrate, 32% fibre and 9% fat. The fat content is higher than most legumes with the aril providing the bulk of fatty acids present. These fatty acids are largely unsaturated. The energy content is high in all species tested, averaging 1480 ±270 kJ per 100g. The seeds are low glycaemic index foods - the starch is digested and absorbed very slowly, producing a small, but sustained rise in blood glucose and so delaying the onset of exhaustion in prolonged exercise[1295
].
The roasted seed can be used as a coffee substitute[301
].
A white gum found on the trunk can be eaten[1297
].
References More on Edible Uses
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Dysentery
The plant contains compounds called avicins which have been shown to inhibit inflammation and cancer in laboratory studies[1096
].
The bark of all Acacia species contains greater or lesser quantities of tannins and are astringent. Astringents are often used medicinally - taken internally, for example. they are used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery, and can also be helpful in cases of internal bleeding. Applied externally, often as a wash, they are used to treat wounds and other skin problems, haemorrhoids, perspiring feet, some eye problems, as a mouth wash etc[601
, K
].
Many Acacia trees also yield greater or lesser quantities of a gum from the trunk and stems. This is sometimes taken internally in the treatment of diarrhoea and haemorrhoids[601
].
References More on Medicinal Uses
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Other Uses
Fuel Gum Shelterbelt Soil stabilization Wood
Agroforestry Uses:
Acacia victoriae is a fast-growing, salt-tolerant species that can readily regenerate from suckers and sometimes forms thickets. It is often used in land reclamation and mine site rehabilitation work in arid areas[286
, 1297
].
The plant is useful as a low windbreak and for soil stabilisation in dry country[286
]. It can be used for sand dune stabilization[418
]. Numbers may increase markedly during a succession of wet seasons and it can become a nuisance, especially around watering points[286
].
In Western New South Wales the presence of this tree in any locality is always considered a sure indication of underground water. The roots have been traced to a depth of around 25 metres, and the plant always looks to be the freshest green of all the plants in the district[601
].
Other Uses:
The branches and twigs exude a clear gum[418
]. The gum is found in very small quantities[601
]. Much of it is of a rich amber colour when freshly exuded, while portions of it are nearly as pale as the best Turkey gum arabic. It is sparkling and clean looking, and would be a very acceptable article of commerce if it could be obtained in quantity. It is readily and completely soluble in water, and very easily reducible to a powder, on account of its somewhat vesicular nature[601
].
The wood is soft, but very tough[601
]. It is used traditionally for making the blades of spears[1297
].
The wood is used for fuel[418
].
Special Uses
Carbon Farming Coppice Food Forest Nitrogen Fixer
References More on Other Uses
Cultivation details
Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen Agroforestry Services: Windbreak Historic Staple Management: Coppice Management: Standard New Crop Other Systems: FMAFS Staple Crop: Protein
A plant of the arid and semi-arid warm temperate to tropical areas of Australia, where it is found at elevations up to 750 metres[418
]. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 12 - 32°c, but can tolerate 5 - 38°c[418
]. Mature plants can be killed by temperatures of -10°c or lower, though young growth is more sensitive and can be killed at -1°c[418
]. The plant prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range of 300 - 800mm, but tolerates 100 - 1,000mm[418
].
Grows best in a sunny position[418
]. Succeeds in most soils, being able to tolerate occasional short-term inundation[418
]. Tolerant of saline soils[1292
]. Prefers a pH in the range 6 - 7.5, tolerating 5 - 8.5[418
]. Established plants are very drought tolerant[418
].
The tree has the potential to become a weed when grown in moister climates outside its native range[418
].
The plant is an ornamental species suited to growing in arid and semi-arid areas, yet adaptable to cooler moist climates[1297
].
Acacia victoriae is an easily harvested species. The pods are held on the extremities of the branches and once fully mature, a gust of wind is sufficient to remove them. The pods may be shed unopened or may open on the plant with the seeds still attached by the funicle. Pods can be collected by manually shaking or gently beating the branches and collecting them on a groundsheet. The seeds separate from the pods with minimal mechanical processing. The plant bears uniformly heavy seed crops and is one of the few acacias whose seed can be collected from the ground[1297
].
The plant responds very well to coppicing, and also produces suckers[418
, 1292
].
Trees are fast-growing[1292
], but relatively short-lived, with a probable lifespan of 10 - 15 years[418
].
This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby[200
].
Carbon Farming
-
Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen
Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae.
-
Agroforestry Services: Windbreak
Linear plantings of trees and shrubs designed to enhance crop production, protect people and livestock and benefit soil and water conservation.
-
Historic Staple
These crops were once cultivated but have been abandoned. The reasons for abandonment may include colonization, genocide, market pressures, the arrival of superior crops from elsewhere, and so forth.
-
Management: Coppice
Cut to the ground repeatedly - resprouting vigorously. Non-destructive management systems maintaining the soil organic carbon.
-
Management: Standard
Plants grow to their standard height. Harvest fruit, seeds, or other products. Non-Destructive management systems.
-
New Crop
Most new crops were important wild plants until recently, although some are the result of hybridization. They have been developed in the last few, decades. What they have in common is that they are currently cultivated by farmers. Examples include baobab, argan, and buffalo gourd.
-
Other Systems: FMAFS
Farmer-Managed Agroforestry Farming Systems.
-
Staple Crop: Protein
(16+ percent protein, 0-15 percent oil). Annuals include beans, chickpeas, lentils, cowpeas, and pigeon peas. Perennials include perennial beans, nuts, leaf protein concentrates, and edible milks.
References Carbon Farming Information and Carbon Sequestration Information
Temperature Converter
Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit:
The PFAF Bookshop
Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs.
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Propagation
The seed of most, if not all, members of this genus has a hard seedcoat and may benefit from scarification before sowing to speed up germination. This can usually be done by pouring a small amount of nearly boiling water on the seeds (being careful not to cook them!) and then soaking them for 12 - 24 hours in warm water. By this time they should have imbibed moisture and swollen - if they have not, then carefully make a nick in the seedcoat (being careful not to damage the embryo) and soak for a further 12 hours before sowing.
Other Names
If available other names are mentioned here
Aliti, Atunpa, Elegant wattle, Ngatuppa, Prickly wattle
Native Plant Search
Search over 900 plants ideal for food forests and permaculture gardens. Filter to search native plants to your area. The plants selected are the plants in our book 'Plants For Your Food Forest: 500 Plants for Temperate Food Forests and Permaculture Gardens, as well as plants chosen for our forthcoming related books for Tropical/Hot Wet Climates and Mediterranean/Hot Dry Climates. Native Plant Search
Found In
Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available
Africa, Asia, Australia, Iran, Israel, Libya, North Africa, Pakistan.
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section.
Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
The tree has the potential to become a weed when grown in moister climates outside its native range[418].
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed
| Related Plants
|
| Latin Name | Common Name | Habit | Height | Hardiness | Growth | Soil | Shade | Moisture | Edible | Medicinal | Other |
| Acacia aneura | Mulga Acacia | Tree | 15.0 |
8-11
| S | LM | N | DM | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia angustissima | Prairie acacia. Timbre. Fernleaf Acacia | Tree | 5.0 |
7-10
| F | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Acacia auriculiformis | Ear-Pod Wattle, Black Acacia, Earleaf, Black wattle | Tree | 25.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Acacia catechu | Cutch tree, Catechu acacia | Tree | 15.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia colei | Cole's wattle, Candelabra Wattle, Soap wattle, | Shrub | 4.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia concinna | Shikakai, Soap-Pod | Tree | 10.0 |
10-11
| M | LM | N | D | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Acacia coriacea | Wiry Wattle, Acacia, Leather Leaf | Tree | 5.0 |
9-11
| M | LMH | SN | DM | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia cowleana | Hall’s Creek wattle | Tree | 5.0 |
10-12
| F | LM | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia cultriformis | Knife-Leaf Wattle, Knife acacia | Shrub | 4.0 |
9-11
| S | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia dealbata | Mimosa, Silver wattle | Tree | 25.0 |
7-10
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia decurrens | Green Wattle | Tree | 12.0 |
6-9
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Acacia farnesiana | Sweet Acacia, Perfume Acacia, Huisache | Shrub | 9.0 |
9-11
| F | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Acacia holosericea | Strap wattle, Candelabra wattle | Shrub | 3.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | M | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia koa | Koa Acacia | Tree | 20.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia koaia | Koai'a | Tree | 5.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Acacia leucophloea | Kuteera-Gum, White-barked acacia. | Tree | 25.0 |
10-12
| M | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Acacia longifolia | Sydney Golden Wattle, Acacia | Tree | 9.0 |
10-11
| M | L | N | DM | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia mearnsii | Black Wattle, Late black wattle | Tree | 10.0 |
8-11
| F | LM | N | M | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Acacia melanoxylon | Blackwood, Australia Acacia, Black Acacia, Blackwood Acacia | Tree | 30.0 |
9-11
| F | LM | N | DM | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Acacia mucronata | Narrow-Leaf Wattle | Tree | 9.0 |
7-10
| | L | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia murrayana | Murray’s wattle, Colony wattle | Tree | 5.0 |
10-12
| F | LMH | N | DM | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Acacia paradoxa | Kangaroo Thorn, Paradox acacia | Shrub | 5.0 |
7-10
| | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Acacia podalyriifolia | Queensland Silver Wattle, Pearl wattle | Tree | 3.0 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia pycnantha | Golden Wattle | Tree | 8.0 |
7-10
| F | L | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia retinodes | Swamp Wattle, Water wattle | Tree | 6.0 |
7-10
| | LM | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia saligna | Blue-Leaved Wattle, Orange wattle | Shrub | 6.0 |
7-10
| F | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Acacia sophorae | Coastal Wattle, Acacia | Shrub | 0.0 |
0-0
| | LMH | N | DM | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Acacia verticillata | Prickly Moses | Shrub | 6.0 |
7-10
| | LMH | N | DM | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Arracacia xanthorrhiza | Peruvian Parsnip, Arracacha | Perennial | 1.0 |
8-11
| | M | SN | M | 4 | 0 | 0 |
|
|
Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). pH: A = acid N = neutral B = basic (alkaline). Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water.
Expert comment
Author
Benth
Botanical References
Links / References
For a list of references used on this page please go here
A special thanks to Ken Fern for some of the information used on this page.
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